Saving and Exporting Images

Saving and Exporting Images

Saving images

The saving options that are available to you vary between Photoshop and ImageReady. Keep in mind that the primary focus of ImageReady is producing images for the Web.

If ImageReady doesn't provide the file format or option you need, you can jump to

Photoshop.

You can use the following commands to save images:

. Save to save changes you've made to the current file. In Photoshop, the file is saved in the current format; in ImageReady, the Save command always saves to PSD format.

. Save As to save an image with a different location or filename. In Photoshop, the Save As command lets you save an image in a different format and with different options. In ImageReady, the Save As command always saves to PSD format.

. Export Original (ImageReady) to flatten the layers in a copy of the original image and save the copy in a variety of file formats. Some information (such as slices and optimi- zation settings) is not preserved when an original image is saved to file formats other than Photoshop.

. Save for Web (Photoshop), Save Optimized (ImageReady), and Save Optimized As

(ImageReady) to save an optimized image for the Web. (See "Optimizing images" on section 415 and "Saving optimized images" on section 441.)

Saving files

You can save a file with its current filename, location, and format or with a different filename, location, format, and options. You can also save a copy of a file while leaving the current file open on your desktop.

To save changes to the current file:

Choose File > Save.

To save a file with a different name and location:

1 Choose File > Save As.

2 Type a filename, and choose a location for the file.

3 Click Save.

To save a file in a different file format:

1 Do one of the following:

. (Photoshop) Choose File > Save As.

. (ImageReady) Choose File > Export Original.

2 Choose a format from the format pop-up menu.

Note: In Photoshop, if you choose a format that does not support all features of the document, a warning appears at the bottom of the dialog box. If you see this warning, it is recommended that you save a copy of the file in Photoshop format or in another format that supports all of the image data.

3 Specify a filename and location.

4 (Photoshop) Select saving options. For more information, see "Setting file saving options (Photoshop)" on section 447.

5 Click Save.

With some image formats, a dialog box appears. For more information, see one of the following:

. "Saving files in Photoshop EPS format (Photoshop)" on section 448

. "Saving files in GIF format (Photoshop)" on section 449

. "Saving files in JPEG format (Photoshop)" on section 450

. "Saving files in Photoshop PDF format (Photoshop)" on section 450

. "Saving files in PNG format (Photoshop)" on section 451

. "Saving files in TIFF format" on section 452

To copy an image without saving it to your hard disk, use the Duplicate command.

(See "Duplicating images" on section 42.) To store a temporary version of the image in memory, use the History palette to create a snapshot. For more information, see "Making a snapshot of an image (Photoshop)" on section 40.

Setting file saving options (Photoshop)

You can set a variety of file saving options in the Save As dialog box. The availability of options depends on the image you are saving and the selected file format. For example, if an image doesn't contain multiple layers, or if the selected file format doesn't support layers, the Layers option is dimmed.

As a Copy Saves a copy of the file while keeping the current file open on your desktop. Alpha Channels Saves alpha channel information with the image. Disabling this option removes the alpha channels from the saved image.

Layers Preserves all layers in the image. If this option is disabled or unavailable, all visible layers are flattened or merged (depending on the selected format).

Annotations Saves annotations with the image.

Spot Colors Saves spot channel information with the image. Disabling an option removes spot colors from the saved image.

Use Proof Setup, ICC Profile (Windows), or Embed Color Profile (Mac OS) Creates a color-managed document. (See "Embedding profiles in saved documents" on section 116.) Thumbnail (Windows) Saves thumbnail data for the file. In order to select or deselect this option, you must choose Ask When Saving for the Image Previews option in the Preferences dialog box. For more information, see "Setting preferences for saving files

(Photoshop)" on section 463.

Image Previews options (Mac OS) Saves thumbnail data for the file. Thumbnails display in the Open dialog box. You can set these image preview options: Icon to use the preview as a file icon on the desktop, Full Size to save a 72-ppi version for use in applications that can only open low-resolution Photoshop images, Macintosh Thumbnail to display the preview in the Open dialog box, and Windows Thumbnail to save a preview that can display on Windows systems. Keep in mind that Windows thumbnails increase the size of files as delivered by Web servers.

Use Lower Case Extension (Windows) Makes the file extension lowercase.

File Extension options (Mac OS) Specifies the format for file extensions. Select Append to add the format's extension to a filename and Use Lower Case to make the extension lowercase.

Important: To display image preview and file extension options when saving files in Mac OS, select Ask When Saving for the Image Previews option and the Append File Extension option in the Preferences dialog box. For more information, see "Setting preferences for saving files (Photoshop)" on section 463.

Saving files in Photoshop EPS format (Photoshop)

Virtually all page layout, word processing, and graphic applications accept imported or placed EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) files. To print EPS files, you must use a PostScript printer.

To save a file in Photoshop EPS format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose Photoshop EPS from the Format menu. (See "Saving files"

on section 446.)

2 In the EPS Options dialog box, select the options you want, and click OK:

Preview Creates a low-resolution image to view in the destination application. Choose TIFF to share an EPS file between Windows and Mac OS systems. An 8-bit preview delivers better display quality but larger file size than a 1-bit preview.

Note: To use the JPEG preview option in Mac OS, you must have QuickTime installed. Encoding Determines the way image data is delivered to a PostScript output device: Choose ASCII if you're printing from a Windows system, or if you experience printing errors or other difficulties.

. Binary produces a smaller file and leaves the original data intact. Choose Binary encoding if you're printing from a Mac OS system. However, some page-layout applica- tions and some commercial print spooling and network printing software may not support binary Photoshop EPS files.

. JPEG compresses the file by discarding some image data. Files with JPEG encoding can be printed only on Level 2 (or later) PostScript printers and may not separate into individual plates.

Include Halftone Screen and Include Transfer Function Control print specifications for high-end commercial print jobs. Consult your printer before selecting these options. Transparent Whites Displays white areas as transparent. This option is available only for images in Bitmap mode.

PostScript Color Management Converts file data to the printer's color space. Do not select this option if you plan to place the image into another color-managed document. Doing so may disrupt the color management.

Note: Only PostScript Level 3 printers support PostScript Color Management for CMYK images. To print a CMYK image using PostScript Color Management on a Level 2 printer, convert the image to Lab mode before saving in EPS format.

Include Vector Data Preserves any vector graphics (such as shapes and type) in the file. However, vector data in EPS and DCS files is only available to other applications; vector data is rasterized if you reopen the file in Photoshop.

Image Interpolation Anti-aliases the printed appearance of a low-resolution image.

Saving files in Photoshop DCS format (Photoshop)

DCS (Desktop Color Separations) format is a version of EPS that lets you save color separa- tions of CMYK or multichannel files.

To save a file in Photoshop DCS format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose Photoshop DCS 1.0, or Photoshop DCS 2.0 from the

Format menu. (See "Saving files" on section 446.)

2 In the DCS Format dialog box, select the options you want, and click OK.

The dialog box includes all the options available for Photoshop EPS files. For more infor- mation, see "Saving files in Photoshop EPS format (Photoshop)" on section 448. Additionally, the DCS menu gives you the option of creating a 72-ppi composite file that can be placed in a page layout application or used to proof the image:

. DCS 1.0 format creates one file for each color channel in the CMYK image. You can also create a fifth file: a grayscale or color composite. To view the composite file, you must keep all five files in the same folder.

. DCS 2.0 format retains spot-color channels in the image. You can save the color channels as multiple files (as for DCS 1.0) or as a single file. The single-file option saves disk space. You can also include a grayscale or color composite.

Saving files in GIF format (Photoshop)

You can use the Save As command to save RGB, indexed-color, grayscale, or Bitmap-mode images directly in GIF format.

Note: You can also save an image as one or more GIF files using the Save for Web command (Photoshop) or the Save Optimized command (ImageReady). For more infor- mation on optimizing images, see "Optimizing images" on section 415.

To save a file in GIF format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose CompuServe GIF from the Format menu. (See "Saving files" on section 446.)

2 For RGB images, the Indexed Color dialog box appears. Specify conversion options and click OK. For more information, see "Conversion options for indexed-color images

(Photoshop)" on section 98.

3 Select a row order for the GIF file, and click OK:

. Normal displays the image in a browser only when download is complete.

. Interlaced displays low-resolution versions of the image in a browser as the file downloads. Interlacing makes download time seem shorter, but it also increases file size.

Saving files in JPEG format (Photoshop)

You can use the Save As command to save CMYK, RGB, and grayscale images in JPEG format. JPEG compresses file size by selectively discarding data. (See "About file compression" on section 453.)

Note: You can also save an image as one or more JPEG files using the Save for Web command (Photoshop) or the Save Optimized command (ImageReady). For more infor- mation on optimizing images, see "Optimizing images" on section 415.

To save a file in JPEG format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose JPEG from the Format menu. (See "Saving files" on section 446.)

2 In the JPEG Options dialog box, select the options you want, and click OK. Matte If the image contains transparency, select a Matte color to simulate the appearance of background transparency.

Image Options To specify the image quality, choose an option from the Quality menu, drag the Quality pop-up slider, or enter a value between 0 and 13 in the Quality text box. Format Options Select Baseline ("Standard") to use a format recognized by most Web browsers, Baseline Optimized for optimized color and a slightly smaller file size, Progressive to display a series of increasingly detailed scans (you specify how many) as the image downloads. Baseline Optimized and Progressive JPEG images are not supported by all Web browsers.

Size To view the estimated download time, select a modem speed. ( The Size preview is only available when Preview is selected.)

Note: Some applications may not be able to read a CMYK file saved in JPEG format. In addition, if you find that a Java application cannot read your JPEG file (in any color mode), try saving the file without a thumbnail preview.

Saving files in Photoshop PDF format (Photoshop)

You can use the Save As command to save RGB, indexed-color, CMYK, grayscale, Bitmap- mode, Lab color, and duotone images in Photoshop PDF format.

To save a file in Photoshop PDF format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose Photoshop PDF from the Format menu. (See "Saving files"

on section 446.)

2 In the PDF Options dialog box, select the options you want, and click OK. Encoding Determines the compression method. (See "About file compression" on section 453.)

Note: Bitmap-mode images are automatically encoded using CCIT T compression-

the PDF Options dialog box does not appear.

Save Transparency Preserves transparency when the file is opened in another appli- cation. ( Transparency is always preserved when the file is reopened in Photoshop or ImageReady.) This option is not available if the file contains a spot color channel.

Image Interpolation Anti-aliases the printed appearance of a low-resolution image.

Downgrade Color Profile If you selected ICC Profile ( Windows) or Embed Color Profile

(Mac OS) for a version 4 profile in the Save dialog box, downgrades the profile to version 2. Select this option if you plan to open the file in an application that does not support version 4 profiles.

PDF Security Specifies security options such as password protection and restricted access to a file's content. Choose 40-bit or 128-bit RC4 encryption for a lower or higher level of security. For more information on PDF security, see Acrobat Help.

Include Vector Data Preserves any vector graphics (such as shapes and type) as resolution-independent objects, ensuring smoother output. When it is selected, you can select the following options:

. Embed Fonts ensures that all fonts used in the file are displayed and printed, even on computers that do not have the fonts installed. Bitmap fonts, fonts that don't allow PDF embedding, substitute fonts, type that uses the faux bold style, and warped type cannot be embedded. Selecting Embed Fonts increases the size of the saved file.

. Use Outlines for Text saves text as paths. Select this option if embedding fonts results in a file that is too large, if you plan to open the file in an application that cannot read PDF files with embedded fonts, or if a font fails to display or print correctly. Text saved as outlines is not searchable or selectable in a PDF viewer. You can, however, edit the text when you reopen the file in Photoshop.

Note: The PDF viewer may display a substitute font if both Embed Fonts and Use Outlines for Text are deselected.

Saving files in PNG format (Photoshop)

You can use the Save As command to save RGB, indexed-color, grayscale, and Bitmap- mode images in PNG format.

Note: You can also save an image as one or more PNG files using the Save for Web command (Photoshop) or the Save Optimized command (ImageReady). For more infor- mation on optimizing images, see "Optimizing images" on section 415.

To save a file in PNG format:

1 Save the artwork, and choose PNG from the Format menu. (See "Saving files" on section 446.)

2 Select an Interlace option:

. None displays the image in a browser only when download is complete.

. Interlaced displays low-resolution versions of the image in a browser as the file downloads. Interlacing makes download time seem shorter, but it also increases file size.

3 Click OK.

Saving files in TIFF format

TIFF is a flexible bitmap image format supported by virtually all paint, image-editing, and page-layout applications.

To save a file in TIFF format (Photoshop):

1 Save the artwork, and choose TIFF from the Format menu. (See "Saving files" on section 446.)

2 In the TIFF Options dialog box, select the options you want, and click OK.

Image Compression Specifies a method for compressing the composite image data.

(See "About file compression" on section 453.)

Byte Order Photoshop and most recent applications can read files using either byte order. However, if you don't know what kind of program the file may be opened in, select the platform on which the file will be read.

Save Image Pyramid Preserves multiresolution information. Photoshop does not provide options for opening multiresolution files; the image opens at the highest resolution within the file. However, Adobe InDesign and some image servers provide support for opening multiresolution formats.

Save Transparency Preserves transparency as an additional alpha channel when the file is opened in another application. ( Transparency is always preserved when the file is reopened in Photoshop or ImageReady.)

Layer Compression Specifies a method for compressing data for pixels in layers (as opposed to composite data). Many applications cannot read layer data and will skip over it when opening a TIFF file. Photoshop, however, can read layer data in TIFF files. Although files that include layer data are larger than those that don't, saving layer data alleviates the need to save and manage a separate PSD file to hold the layer data. For more information on RLE and ZIP compression, see "About file compression" on section 453. Choose Discard Layers and Save a Copy to flatten the image.

Note: To have Photoshop prompt you before saving an image with multiple layers, select Ask Before Saving Layered TIFF Files in the File Handling section of the Preferences dialog box.

To save a file in TIFF format (ImageReady):

1 Choose File > Export Original, and choose TIFF from the format list.

2 Specify a filename and location, and click Save.

3 Select a compression method, and click OK. (See "About file compression" on section 453.)

Exporting images in ZoomView format (Photoshop) ZoomView is a format for delivering high-resolution images over the Web. With the Viewpoint Media Player, users can zoom into or out of an image and pan the image to see its various parts.

When you export an image in ZoomView format, Photoshop creates the following files:

. An MTX file that defines the image to be displayed.

. An HTML file that loads the Viewpoint Media Player and points to the MTX file.

. A folder containing tiles that are used to display the image.

. A folder containing VBS and JavaScript scripts that are used by the HTML file.

To export an image in ZoomView format:

1 Choose File > Export > ZoomView.

2 Set the following options, and click OK:

Template Specify a template for generating the MTX, HTML, and auxiliary files. Choose a preset template from the pop-up menu, or choose Load to choose a different ZoomView Template (ZVT ) file. You can download additional templates from the Viewpoint Web site. Output Location Click Folder to specify an output location. Enter a name in the Base Name text box to specify a common name for the files.

Path to Broadcast License File Specify a URL for the broadcast license file. The Viewpoint Corporation requires that all publishers of ZoomView content acquire a broadcast license. To apply for a key, click Get License.

Image Tile Options ZoomView technology uses image tiling to load only the part of a high-resolution image that a user wants see. Select a Tile Size to control how many pixels are in each tile. A tile size of 128 is recommended for small images; a tile size of 256 is recommended for large images.

To specify an amount of compression for each tile image, choose an option from the Quality menu, drag the Quality pop-up slider, or enter a value between 0 and 13 in the Quality text box. Select Optimize Tables to create enhanced JPEGs with slightly smaller file sizes. This option is recommended for maximum file compression.

Browser Options Specify a width and height for the image in the Viewpoint Media Player. Select Preview in Browser to launch your default Web browser and load the generated HTML file after you click OK.

About file formats

Graphic file formats differ in the way they represent image data (as pixels or as vectors), in compression technique, and in which Photoshop and ImageReady features they support. For more information on choosing file formats when opening or saving images,

see "Opening and importing images" on section 73 and "Saving images" on section 446. For information on choosing a Web optimization format, see "Optimizing images" on section 415.

Note: If a supported file format does not appear in the appropriate dialog box or submenu, you may need to install the format's plug-in module. (See " Using plug-in modules" on section 58.)

About file compression

Many file formats use compression to reduce the file size of bitmap images.

Lossless techniques compress the file without removing image detail or color information; lossy techniques remove detail. The following are commonly used compression techniques:

RLE (Run Length Encoding) Lossless compression; supported by some common

Windows file formats.

LZW (Lemple-Zif-Welch) Lossless compression; supported by TIFF, PDF, GIF, and PostScript language file formats. Most useful for images with large areas of single color. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Lossy compression; supported by JPEG, TIFF, PDF, and PostScript language file formats. Recommended for continuous-tone images, such as photographs. To specify image quality, choose an option from the Quality menu, drag the Quality pop-up slider, or enter a value between 0 and 13 in the Quality text box. For the best printed results, choose maximum-quality compression. JPEG files can be printed only on Level 2 (or later) PostScript printers and may not separate into individual plates.

CCITT A family of lossless compression techniques for black-and-white images; supported by the PDF and PostScript language file formats. (CCITT is an abbreviation for the French spelling of International Telegraph and Telekeyed Consultive Committee.) ZIP Lossless compression; supported by PDF and TIFF file formats. Like LZW, ZIP compression is most effective for images that contain large areas of single color. PackBits (ImageReady) Lossless compression that uses a run-length compression scheme; supported by the TIFF file format in ImageReady only.

Photoshop format

Photoshop format (PSD) is the default file format and the only format that supports all Photoshop features. When saving a PSD file for use in a previous version of Photoshop or ImageReady, you can set a preference to maximize file compatibility.

To maximize compatibility with previous versions of Photoshop and with other applications (Photoshop):

1 Do one of the following:

. In Windows and Mac OS 9.x, choose Edit > Preferences > File Handling.

. In Mac OS X, choose Photoshop > Preferences > File Handling.

2 Select Always Maximize Compatibility for Photoshop (PSD) Files.

If you edit or save an image using an earlier version of Photoshop, unsupported features are discarded. Keep in mind the following features when working with earlier versions of Photoshop:

. Photoshop 7.0 introduces the Linear Burn, Linear Dodge, Vivid Light, Linear Light, and Pin Light blending modes and the Layer Mask Hides Effect and Vector Mask Hides Effect advanced blending options.

. Photoshop 6.0 introduced layer sets, layer color coding, layer clipping paths, fill layers, layer styles, editable type, and advanced type formatting. Photoshop 6.0 also added new layer effects.

. Photoshop 5.0 introduced layer effects; however, effects added in later versions of Photoshop are not supported. Photoshop 5.0 also introduced color samplers, spot channels, and embedded ICC profiles.

. Photoshop 4.0 introduced adjustment layers and guides.

Photoshop 2.0 (Photoshop)

(Mac OS) You can use this format to open an image in version 2.0 or to export an image to an application supporting only Photoshop 2.0 files. Saving in Photoshop 2.0 format flattens your image and discards layer information.

AVI (ImageReady)

Audio Video Interleave (AVI) format is the standard Windows format for audio/video data. Note: In Windows, AVI format is visible in the Files of Type pop-up menu only when QuickTime is installed on your computer.

BMP

BMP is a standard Windows image format on DOS and Windows-compatible computers. BMP format supports RGB, Indexed Color, Grayscale, and Bitmap color modes. You can specify either Windows or OS/2 format and a bit depth for the image. For 4-bit and 8-bit images using Windows format, you can also specify RLE compression.

BMP images are normally written bottom to top; however, you can select the Flip Row Order option to write them from top to bottom. You can also select an alternate encoding method by clicking Advanced Modes. (Flip Row Order and Advanced Modes are most relevant to game programmers and others using DirectX.)

Photoshop EPS

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) language file format can contain both vector and bitmap graphics and is supported by virtually all graphic, illustration, and page-layout programs. EPS format is used to transfer PostScript-language artwork between applications. When you open an EPS file containing vector graphics, Photoshop rasterizes the image, converting the vector graphics to pixels.

EPS format supports Lab, CMYK, RGB, Indexed Color, Duotone, Grayscale, and Bitmap color modes, and does not support alpha channels. EPS does support clipping paths. Desktop Color Separations (DCS) format, a version of the standard EPS format, lets you save color separations of CMYK images. You use DCS 2.0 format to export images containing spot channels.To print EPS files, you must use a PostScript printer.

Photoshop DCS 1.0 and 2.0 (Photoshop)

Desktop Color Separations (DCS) format is a version of the standard EPS format that lets you save color separations of CMYK images. You can use DCS 2.0 format to export images containing spot channels. To print DCS files, you must use a PostScript printer.

EPS TIFF or EPS PICT Preview (Photoshop)

These formats let you open images saved in file formats that create previews but are not supported by Adobe Photoshop (such as QuarkXPress). An opened preview image can be edited and used like any other low-resolution file. EPS PICT Preview is available only in Mac OS.

Note: EPS TIFF format and EPS PICT format were more relevant for use in earlier versions of Photoshop. The current version of Photoshop includes rasterization features for opening files that include vector data.

Filmstrip

Filmstrip format is used for RGB animation or movie files created by Adobe Premiere.

If you resize, resample, remove alpha channels, or change the color mode or file format of a Filmstrip file in Photoshop, you won't be able to save it back to Filmstrip format. For further guidelines, see the Adobe Premiere User Guide.

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is the file format commonly used to display indexed- color graphics and images in hypertext markup language (HTML) documents over the World Wide Web and other online services. GIF is an LZW-compressed format designed to minimize file size and electronic transfer time. GIF format preserves transparency in indexed-color images; however, it does not support alpha channels.

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format is commonly used to display photo- graphs and other continuous-tone images in hypertext markup language (HTML) documents over the World Wide Web and other online services. JPEG format supports CMYK, RGB, and Grayscale color modes, and does not support alpha channels. Unlike GIF format, JPEG retains all color information in an RGB image but compresses file size by selectively discarding data.

A JPEG image is automatically decompressed when opened. A higher level of compression results in lower image quality, and a lower level of compression results in better image quality. In most cases, the Maximum quality option produces a result indistinguishable from the original.

PCX

PCX format is commonly used by IBM PC-compatible computers. Most PC software supports version 5 of PCX format. A standard VGA color palette is used with version 3 files, which do not support custom color palettes.

PCX format supports RGB, Indexed Color, Grayscale, and Bitmap color modes, and does not support alpha channels. PCX supports the RLE compression method. Images can have a bit depth of 1, 4, 8, or 24.

PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a flexible, cross-platform, cross-application file format. Based on the PostScript imaging model, PDF files accurately display and preserve fonts, page layouts, and both vector and bitmap graphics. In addition, PDF files can contain electronic document search and navigation features such as electronic links.

Photoshop and ImageReady recognize two types of PDF files: Photoshop PDF files and Generic PDF files. You can open both types of PDF files; however, you can only save images to Photoshop PDF format.

Photoshop PDF files Are created using the Photoshop Save As command. Photoshop

PDF files can contain only a single image.

Photoshop PDF format supports all of the color modes and features that are supported in standard Photoshop format. Photoshop PDF also supports JPEG and ZIP compression, except for Bitmap-mode images, which use CCITT Group 4 compression.

Generic PDF files Are created using applications other than Photoshop, such as Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Illustrator, and can contain multiple pages and images. When you open a Generic PDF file, Photoshop rasterizes the image.

PICT File

PICT format is widely used among Mac OS graphics and page-layout applications as an intermediary file format for transferring images between applications. PICT format supports RGB images with a single alpha channel, and indexed-color, grayscale, and Bitmap-mode images without alpha channels. PICT format is especially effective at compressing images with large areas of solid color. This compression can be dramatic for alpha channels with their large areas of white and black.

When saving an RGB image in PICT format, you can choose either a 16-bit or 32-bit pixel resolution. For a grayscale image, you can choose from 2, 4, or 8 bits per pixel. In Mac OS with QuickTime installed, four JPEG compression options are available.

Note: In ImageReady, PICT format is supported in Mac OS only.

PICT Resource

(Mac OS) A PICT resource is a PICT file contained in a Mac OS file's resource fork-for example, an application's splash screen or the contents of the Scrapbook. PICT Resource format supports RGB images with a single alpha channel, and indexed-color, grayscale, and Bitmap-mode images without alpha channels.

You can use the Import command or the Open command to open a PICT resource. When saving a file as a PICT resource, you can specify the resource ID and resource name. As with other PICT files, you also specify bit depth and compression options.

Pixar

The Pixar format is designed specifically for high-end graphics applications, such as those used for rendering three-dimensional images and animation. Pixar format supports RGB and grayscale images with a single alpha channel.

PNG

Developed as a patent-free alternative to GIF, Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format is used for lossless compression and for display of images on the World Wide Web. Unlike GIF, PNG supports 24-bit images and produces background transparency without jagged edges; however, some Web browsers do not support PNG images. PNG format supports RGB, indexed-color, grayscale, and Bitmap-mode images without alpha channels. PNG preserves transparency in grayscale and RGB images.

QuickTime Movie (ImageReady)

QuickTime Movie format is a cross-platform format used for time-based data, such as video and audio. In ImageReady, you can save animations as QuickTime movies and open existing QuickTime movies as animations in order to optimize them for the Web.

Note: In Windows, QuickTime Movie format is visible in the Files of Type pop-up menu only when QuickTime is installed on your computer.

Raw (Photoshop)

Raw format is a flexible file format for transferring images between applications and computer platforms. This format supports CMYK, RGB, and grayscale images with alpha channels, and multichannel and Lab images without alpha channels.

Raw format consists of a stream of bytes describing the color information in the image. Each pixel is described in binary format, with 0 representing black and 255 white (for images with 16-bit channels, the white value is 65535). Adobe Photoshop designates the number of channels needed to describe the image, plus any additional channels in the image. You can specify the file extension ( Windows), file type (Mac OS), file creator (Mac OS), and header information.

In Mac OS, the file type is generally a four-character ID that identifies the file-for example, TEXT identifies the file as an ASCII text file. The file creator is also generally a four-character ID. Most Mac OS applications have a unique file creator ID that is registered with the Apple Computer Developer Services group.

The header parameter specifies how many bytes of information appear in the file before actual image information begins. This value determines the number of zeroes inserted at the beginning of the file as placeholders. By default, there is no header (header size = 0). You can enter a header when you open the file in Raw format. You can also save the file without a header and then use a file-editing program, such as HEdit ( Windows) or Norton Utilities (Mac OS), to replace the zeroes with header information.

You can save the image in an interleaved or noninterleaved format. If you choose inter- leaved, the color values (red, green, and blue, for example) are stored sequentially. Your choice depends on requirements of the application that will open the file.

Scitex CT (Photoshop)

Scitex Continuous Tone (CT ) format is used for high-end image processing on Scitex computers. Contact Scitex to obtain utilities for transferring files saved in Scitex CT format to a Scitex system. Scitex CT format supports CMYK, RGB, and grayscale images and does not support alpha channels.

CMYK images saved in Scitex CT format often have extremely large file sizes. These files are generated for input using a Scitex scanner. Images saved in Scitex CT format are printed to film using a Scitex rasterizing unit, which produces separations using a patented Scitex halftoning system. This system produces very few moir patterns and is often demanded in professional color work-for example, ads in magazines.

Targa

TGA ( Targa) format is designed for systems using the Truevision video board and is commonly supported by MS-DOS color applications. Targa format supports 16-bit RGB images (5 bits x 3 color channels, plus one unused bit), 24-bit RGB images (8 bits x 3 color channels), and 32-bit RGB images (8 bits x 3 color channels plus a single 8-bit alpha channel). Targa format also supports indexed-color and grayscale images without alpha channels. When saving an RGB image in this format, you can choose a pixel depth and select RLE encoding to compress the image.

TIFF

Tagged-Image File Format ( TIFF) is used to exchange files between applications and computer platforms. TIFF is a flexible bitmap image format supported by virtually all paint, image-editing, and page-layout applications. Also, virtually all desktop scanners can produce TIFF images.

TIFF format supports CMYK, RGB, Lab, indexed-color, and grayscale images with alpha channels and Bitmap-mode images without alpha channels. Photoshop can save layers in a TIFF file; however, if you open the file in another application, only the flattened image is visible. Photoshop can also save annotations, transparency, and multiresolution pyramid data in TIFF format.

Adding file information (Photoshop)

File information-also called metadata-is increasingly important in all types of publishing. Adobe Photoshop supports the information standard developed by the Newspaper Association of America (NAA) and the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) to identify transmitted text and images. This standard includes entries for captions, keywords, categories, credits, and origins.

In Windows, you can add file information to files saved in Photoshop, TIFF, JPEG, EPS, and PDF formats. In Mac OS, you can add file information to files in any format. The information you add is embedded in the file using XMP (eXtensible Metadata Platform). XMP provides Adobe applications and workflow partners with a common XML framework that standardizes the creation, processing, and interchange of document metadata across publishing workflows.

To enter information about a file:

1 Choose File > File Info.

2 For Section, select an option for the information you want to enter:

General Lets you enter title, author, caption, copyright information, and the owner's URL. To display a copyright symbol in the title bar of the image window, choose Copyrighted Work in the Copyright Status menu. If Photoshop detects a Digimarc watermark in the image, the Copyright Notice section is automatically updated.

Note: To print the caption under an Adobe Photoshop image, choose File > Print with Preview, and select Caption. Then print as usual. (See "Setting output options" on section 473 for more information.)

Keywords Provides a way for some image browsers to categorize and search for an image. To add an entry to the keywords list, type in the text box, and click Add. To replace a keyword, select the word in the list, type its replacement, and click Replace. To delete a keyword, select the word, and click Delete.

Categories Lets you enter a three-letter Associated Press code. ( Where available, the Associated Press regional registry maintains a list of categories.) To include the image in supplemental categories, type the code, and click Add. To replace a category, select the code, type its replacement, and click Replace. To delete a category, select the code, and click Delete.

Origin Provides information on the history of the image. To enter the current date in a short text format, click Today. For Credit, enter the information needed in the credit line for a copyrighted image. Transmission Reference provides the Associated Press with infor- mation on the original transmission location of the image. For Urgency, specify the editorial urgency of the image-not its handling priority.

EXIF Displays information imported from a digital camera, such as the date and time the picture was taken, resolution, ISO speed rating, f/stop, compression, and exposure time. For more information about EXIF annotations, see your digital camera documentation.

To load, save, or append file information:

In the File Info dialog box, do one of the following:

. Click Load to replace the current information with information stored in a File Info file. You can load either an XMP file or an FFO file created by a previous version of Photoshop.

. Click Save to save the current file information in an XMP file for later use.

. Click Append to add information stored in a File Info file to the current file information. For each File Info field, if the field does not contain information then it will be updated with contents from the file. Caption and Keywords will always be appended with the information from the file.

Adding digital copyright information

You can add copyright information to Photoshop images and notify users that an image is copyright-protected via a digital watermark that uses Digimarc PictureMarc technology. The watermark-a digital code added as noise to the image-is generally imperceptible to the human eye. The watermark is durable in both digital and printed forms, surviving typical image edits and file format conversions-and is still detectable when the image is printed and then scanned back into a computer.

Embedding a digital watermark in an image lets viewers obtain complete contact infor- mation about the creator of the image. This feature is particularly valuable to image creators who license their work to others. Copying an image with an embedded watermark also copies the watermark and any information associated with it.

For more detailed information on embedding Digimarc watermarks, refer to the Digimarc

Web site at www.digimarc.com.

Before adding a watermark

Keep in mind the following considerations before embedding a digital watermark in your image.

Color variation The image must contain some degree of variation or randomness in color to embed the watermark effectively and imperceptibly. The image cannot consist mostly or entirely of a single flat color.

Pixel dimensions The Digimarc technology requires a minimum number of pixels to work. Digimarc recommends the following minimum pixel dimensions for the image to be watermarked:

. 100 pixels by 100 pixels if you don't expect the image to be modified or compressed prior to its actual use.

. 256 pixels by 256 pixels if you expect the image to be cropped, rotated, compressed, or otherwise modified after watermarking.

. 750 pixels by 750 pixels if you expect the image to appear ultimately in printed form at

300 dpi or greater.

There is no upper limit on pixel dimensions for watermarking.

File compression In general, a Digimarc watermark will survive lossy compression methods such as JPEG, though it is advisable to favor image quality over file size (a JPEG compression setting of 4 or higher works best). In addition, the higher the Watermark Durability setting you choose when embedding the watermark (see "Using the Watermark Durability setting" on section 462), the better the chances that the watermark will survive compression.

Workflow Watermarking should be one of the very last tasks you perform, except for file compression. Use the following recommended workflow:

. Make all necessary modifications to your image until it has the desired final appearance

(this includes resizing and color correction).

. Embed the watermark.

. If needed, compress the image by saving it in JPEG or GIF format.

. If the image is intended for printed output, perform the color separation.

. Read the watermark and use the signal strength meter to verify that the image contains a watermark of sufficient strength for your purposes.

. Publish the watermarked image.

Embedding digital watermarks

To embed a watermark, you must first register with Digimarc Corporation-which maintains a database of artists, designers, and photographers and their contact infor- mation-to get a unique creator ID. You can then embed the creator ID in your images, along with information such as the copyright year or a restricted-use identifier.

To embed a watermark:

1 Open the image that you want to watermark. You can embed only one watermark per image. The Embed Watermark filter won't work on an image that has been previously marked.

If you're working with a layered image, you should flatten the image before marking it;

otherwise, the watermark will affect the active layer only.

Note: You can add a watermark to an indexed-color image by first converting the image to RGB mode, embedding the watermark, and then converting the image back to indexed- color mode. However, the results may be inconsistent. To make sure that the watermark was embedded, run the Read Watermark filter.

2 Choose Filter > Digimarc > Embed Watermark.

3 If you are using the filter for the first time, click the Personalize button. Get a Digimarc ID by clicking Info to launch your Web browser and visit the Digimarc Web site at www.digimarc.com, or by contacting Digimarc at the telephone number listed in the dialog box. Enter your PIN and ID number in the Digimarc ID text box, and click OK.

(Once you have entered a Digimarc ID, the Personalize button becomes a Change button, allowing you to enter a new Digimarc ID.)

4 Enter a copyright year for the image.

5 Select any of the following image attributes:

. Restricted Use to limit the use of the image.

. Adult Content to label the image contents as suitable for adults only. ( Within Photoshop, this option does not limit access to adult-only images, but future versions of other applications may limit their display.)

. Do Not Copy to specify that the image should not be copied.

6 For Target Output, specify whether the image is intended for monitor, Web, or print display.

7 For Watermark Durability, drag the slider or enter a value, as described in the next section.

8 Select Verify to automatically assess the watermark's durability after it is embedded

(see "Using the signal strength meter" on section 462).

9 Click OK.

Using the Watermark Durability setting

The default Watermark Durability setting is designed to strike a balance between watermark durability and visibility in most images. However, you can adjust the Watermark Durability setting yourself to suit the needs of your images. Low values are less visible in an image, but less durable, and may be damaged by applying filters or by performing some image-editing operations, printing, and scanning operations. High values are more durable but may display some visible noise in the image.

Your setting should depend on the intended use of the image and on the goals you've set for your watermarks. For example, it may be quite acceptable to use a higher Watermark Durability setting with JPEG images posted on a Web site. The higher durability helps to ensure the persistence of the watermark, and the increased visibility often is not noticeable with medium-resolution JPEG images. Digimarc recommends experimenting with various settings as part of your testing process to determine which setting works best for the majority of your images.

Using the signal strength meter

The signal strength meter helps you determine whether a watermark is durable enough to survive the intended use of the image. The signal strength meter is available only for images containing watermarks that you yourself have embedded.

Digimarc recommends that you check the signal strength meter before publishing your images. For example, if you often compress watermarked images for inclusion in a Web site, check the meter before posting the images. You can also use the signal strength meter to gauge the effectiveness of different Watermark Durability settings that you are experimenting with.