THE MODAL VERBS

THE MODAL VERBS

Can

I. Ask permission to:

1. turn down the radio

2. ring somebody up

3. take a photograph of somebody

4. leave the window open

5. have a tea break

6. give somebody a lift

7. take somebody for a drive

8. use somebody's lighter

9. borrow somebody's newspaper

10. use somebody's telephone

11. have an interview on Monday

12. get something to drink

13. have an early breakfast

14. do the washing tomorrow

15. try these shoes on ^t

II. Give or don't give permission to:

change the time of the meeting

take somebody on a sightseeing tour

have a party on Saturday

show the letter to the police

take the book back to the library

record the conversation

marry anyone you want

give up the job ,

paint the bathroom black

have lunch earlier than usual

miss one lesson

buy an electric typewriter

take the children to the beach

sell the old bicycle

have a nap after dinner

May

III. Ask someone to let you :

1. borrow his pen

2. use your computer

3. park your car in front of his house

4. ask a personal question

5. take his daughter to a disco

6. read his newspaper

7. turn down the radio a little

8. help him carry his luggage

9. accompany him to the station

IV. Allow someone :

have something to eat

stay at your place for a couple of weeks

organize a party at the office

keep your book for another week

attend the meeting

have cornflakes for breakfast

miss the next lesson

camp on the beach

invite everyone to barbecue

Must

V Give answers using must/ have to / have got to:

1. When are you going to write your exercises?

2. When are they going to give us an answer?

3. When is she going to see a doctor?

4. When are you going to return the books to the library?

5. When are they going to study our report?

6. When is he going to sell his old car?

7. When are you going to give up smoking?

8. When are we going to invite Roger to lunch?

9. When are they going to call a meeting?

10. When is he going to apply for a visa?

11. When are you going to renew your driving license?

12. When is she going to tell her boss she is leaving? 

13. When are they going to reply to our request?

14. When are you going to make arrangements for the trip?

15. When is he going to look through the papers?

16. When are we going to send out invitations?

17. When are you going to wash up the dishes?

18. When is she going to tidy her room?

19. When are they going to take us to the manager?

20. When are you going to repair your car?

VI. Ask questions using either when or why

The new employee must see the boss.

She has to pay the gas bill.

They have to reconsider their decision

4. She has to apologize to the director.

5. The tenants must leave their flat at once.

6. He had to attend the meeting.

7. They'll have to accept our suggestion.

8. The final decision will have to be made soon. -,. ,.._a

9. They have to file in a complaint. _i ,^_:*

10. The books will have to be bought very soon. r i ^

11. She must change her attitude.

12. You must boil the water before you drink it.

13. He must accept their invitation to dinner.

14. You have to inform the police. -* ^

15. He will have to do military training.

16. The conference has to be organized by our company side.

VIIUse the form must have + Past Participle:

1. She looks very happy. She (get) good news.

2. They know London very well, they (live) there for a long time.

3. The car is out of order. He (drive) it too fast again. 

4. This essay is written very well. Someone (help) Sue to write it

5. I can't find my key. Your husband (take) it by mistake.

6. We went to Spain for our holidays. You (see) a lot of interesting things.

7. You are wearing a wonderful brooch . It (cost) you a fortune.

8. I remember his face very well. You (meet) him at the students meeting last week?

9. She spent more than a fortnight in hospital. She (have) an operation.

10. His car is German. He (buy) it when he was studying in Germany.

11. Her French is excellent. She (be) to France several times.

12. They stayed in Bucharest during the war. They (hear) about your relatives..

13. I telephoned the Smiths several times but there was no reply. They
(leave) for their holidays.

14. There are no cakes left. The guests (eat) them all.

15. The clock has stopped. I (forget) to wind it.

16. They promised to be here on time. They (miss) their train.

17. Jack is angry with us. He (hear) our conversation.

18. I don't know where my mobile phone is. I (leave) it at the bank.

19. She waited for John all the evening but he didn't turn up. She (be disappointed). She needed his help so badly.

20. I've got a lot of money. I can lend you as much as you need. Really? You (win) it in a lottery, didn't you?

Should

VII Use the form must have + Past Participle:

1. She looks very happy. She (get) good news.

2. They know London very well, they (live) there for a long time.

3. The car is out of order. He (drive) it too fast again. 

4. This essay is written very well. Someone (help) Mary to write it

5. I can't find my key. My husband (take) it by mistake.

6. We went to Spain for our holidays. You (see) a lot of interesting things.

7. You are wearing a wonderful necklace. It (cost) you a fortune.

8. I remember his face very well. You (meet) him at the reception last Sunday. ?

9. She spent more than a month in hospital. She (have) an operation.

10. His car is German. He (buy) it when he was studying in Germany.

11. Her French is excellent. She (be) to France several times.

12. They stayed in Bucharest during the war. They (hear) about Antonescu.

13. I telephoned the Smiths several times but there was no reply. They
(leave) for their holidays.

14. There are no cakes left. The children (eat) them all. 

15. The clock has stopped. I (forget) to wind it.

16. They promised to be here on time. They (miss) their train.

17. Tom is angry with us. He (hear) our conversation. 

18. I don't know where my umbrella is. I (leave) it at the office.

19. She waited for John all the evening but he didn't turn up. She (be disappointed). She needed his help so badly.

20. I've got a lot of money. I can lend you as much as you need. Really? You (win) it in a lottery, didn't you?

VIII. Give answers as in the example:

Example: I only told Jane

You shouldn't have told anyone

I only paid the phone bill.

He only invited his family !

They only discussed it with Mary!

She only spoke to her sister!

I only rang up Margaret!

She only gave the ticket to Jack !

I only apologized to Mrs. Brown !

We only thanked your uncle!

She only argued with Tim!

He only proposed to Jane.

11. They only fired one employee!

12. I only woke the doorman !

13. She only showed it to me!

14. I only lent the money to Pete !

15. They only dismissed Frank!

IX. Express your surprise, as in the example:

Example: You didn't read the instructions!

No, should I have read them?

You didn't attend the course this week!

You didn't give any tip to the bellboy!

You didn't take her out to visit the city!

You didn't send for help!

You didn't write down his phone number!

You didn't meet us at the railway station !

You didn't look up the time of your train

You didn't look over what you've written!

You didnt keep your word !

You didn't clean up the mess in your room!

You didn't call in a plumber!

You didn't apologize for coming late!

You didn't tell him about the auction!

You didn't give me a lift!

You didn't lock up the documents!

Used to

X. Give replies employing used to each time: 

Examples: a) Did Tom go to school on foot?

Yes, he used to go to school on foot.

b) How did Tom go to school?

He used to go to school on foot

1. Did Tom go to college?

2. Did he like to play tennis as a boy?

3. Who took you for walks when he was little?

4. Did he wear a uniform when he was at school?

5. What did he have for breakfast when he was on holidays?

6. How many lessons did he have e ach day when he was at school?

7. Who helped him with his homework?

8. What did he enjoy doing when he was a student?

9. Did he read many books during high school ?

10. What was he good at?

The Passive Voice

I. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice:

1. They are building a new office building here.

2. They didn't inform us about the change of plans.

3. She looks after the children very well.

4. People must wear ties in this club.

5. They make a new film every year in this studio.

6. He didn't introduce me to his wife.

7. They will meet you at the annual meeting.

8. You may not use dictionaries during this examination.

9. A big lorry knocked him down last Monday.

10. They are renovating our university at the moment.

11. Everyone knows these figures very well.

12. They will introduce some new subjects into the syllabus this year

13. The terrorists blew up the railroad tracks.

14. They showed her into the new conference hall.

15. Has the mechanic fixed the car yet?

16. They make these briefcases of leather.

17. A bee stung my daughter this morning.

18. Why didn't they repair the road?

19. They don't admit children under sixteen in this club.

20. They locked the door and no one can open it now.

II. Change the sentences into passive ones with the underlined word as a subject of the sentence.

1. Somebody will tell you how to get there.

2. Burglars broke into our summer house.

3. They gave him a computer for his fifth birthday. ^ ,

4. They have promised me a raise.

5. They will teach you two foreign languages in this college.

6. Smoke filled the auditorium.

7. They offered her a better position in a subsidiary of the company.

8. Someone is following us.

9. They will send you an application form.

10. They asked her very personal questions at the interview.

11. The doctors prescribed him some tranquillizers.

12. They always laugh at this boy.

13. Someone handed him a thick file. '

14. They ought to pay you more for your work.

15. One of the nurses gave me an injection.

16. They denied him admittance to the restaurant as he was too young.

17. They have offered us excellent conditions in this resort.

18. They sent for a doctor immediately.

19. The government has granted political autonomy to several provinces.

20. They showed the boy some tricks.

Conditional Clauses

I. Put the verbs in the parentheses in the suitable tense:

1. If she had taken my advice she (not lie) in bed now.

2. We (arrive) on time if we hadn't lost our way.

3. He ordered the soldiers to fire at the crowd. A true patriot (not do ) it. 

4. I (come) by bus if it hadn't been so late.

5. If we had invested in that company we (make) a lot of money.

6. The ovation wasn't too loud. If you had told us they were making a
film during the show, we (clap) our hands much more vigorously
7. We hoped the wind (stop) soon. ,

8. If the wind hadn't stopped, our boat (strike) the rocks near the

shore.

9. If I had arrived five minutes earlier I (get) a free ticket.

10. If you had come here three days ago you (see) the flowers in full bloom.

11. He (not suffer) from arthritis now if he had listened to his
grandmother.

12. I (bring) you some more strawberries if I had known you liked them.

13. Had I known the microphone was broken, I (speak) much louder

14. If you had watered these trees regularly last spring they (be)

15. If they had invited you last Saturday, you (accept)?  ,

16. If he hadn't died last year, he (live) here for 90 years.

17. We (ski) in Chamonix today if we had bought that package vacation.

18. The child (not burn) himself if you hadn't left the iron on the table.

19. He is absolutely convinced that his programme (succeed).

20. She deserved a better treatment. You (not scold) her like that.