DIATEZA PASIVA (Passive voice)

DIATEZA PASIVA (Passive voice)

Modurile si timpurile diatezei pasive

Aspectul simplu

a).    Modul Indicativ (Indicative Mood)

Simple Present Tense:

I am asked a difficult question.

I am blest for this.

She is accept there

She is caught by the police

Simple Past Tense:

I was asked a difficult question

I was blest for this

He was accepted there

H e was caught by the police

Simple Future Tense:

I shall be asked a difficult question

I shall be blest for this

She will be accepted there

She will be caught by the police.

Present Perfect Tense:

I have been asked a difficult question.

I have blest for this.

He has been accepted there.

He has been caught by the police.

Past Perfect Tense:

I had been asked a difficult quuestion.

I had been blest for this.

She had been accepted there.

He had caught by the police.

Future Perfect in the Past

I shall have asked a difficult question.

I shall have been blest for this .

He will have been accepted there.

He will have been caught by the police.

Future in the Past:

I sholud be asked a difficult wuestion

I should be blest for this.

He would be accepted there.

He would be caught by the police.

b).  Modul subjonctiv (Subjunctive MOod):

Present Subjunctive:

I be asked a difficult question.

I be blest for this.

Past Subjunctive:

I were asked a difficult question.

I were blest for this.

c).  Modul conditional (Conditional Mood).

Present Conditional:

I should be asked a difficult question.

I should be blest for this.

Past Conditional

I should have been asked a difficult question

I should have been blest for this

Aspectul continuu

a).    Modul Indicativ (Indicative Mood)

Simple Present Tense:

I am being asked a difficult question.

I am being blest for this.

Simple Past Tense:

I was being asked a difficult question.

I was being blest for this.

b).    Modul subjonctiv (Subjunctive MOod):

Past Subjunctive:

I were being asked a difficult question.

I were being blest for this.

VORBIREA INDIRECTA (Indirect Speech)

I.      Propozitiile enuntiative (Declarative Sentences)

Daca verbul din propozitia principala este la trecut se va respecta corespondenta timpurilor

He said "I`ll be there in time"

He said that he would be there in time.

TO SAY din principala se inlocuieste cu TO TELL (se pastreaza numai cand nu e insotit de un CD)

"I don't go there" he said to me

He told me that he wouldn't go there

THIS devine THAT

THESE devine THOSE

TODAY devine THAT DAY

YESTERDAY devine THE DAY BEFORE

TOMORROW devine THE NEXT DAY

AGO devine BEFORE

NEXT WEEK, MONTH devine THE NEXT WEEK...

HERE devine THERE

He said "Mary is here"

He said that Mary was there

II.   PROPOZITIILE INTEROGATIVE (Interrogative Sentences)

Daca verbul din propozitia principala este la trecut se va respecta corespondenta timpurilor

He asked him "Do you know her?"

He asked him whether/if he knew her

Propozitia interogativa indirecta e introdusa prin IF sau WHETHER

He asked him "Will you go there or not?"

He asked him whether he would go there or not.

Se respecta regula 3 de la propozitiile enuntiative

III. PROPOZITIILE IMPERATIVE (Imperative Sentences)

Aceste propozitii se redau in vorbirea indirecta cu ajutorul infinitivelor

Un ordin

Un sfat

"Come here" the colonel ordered his soldier

The colonel ordered his soldier to come there.

"Don't fail again" she said to him

She told him not to fail again.

Adjectivele, pronumele si adverbele determinative se inlocuiesc dupa inteles:

Tom suggested "Tell her to be here at seven"

Tom suggested that he should be there at seven.

INTREBARI DISJUNCTIVE (Tag questions)

Reguli:

Atunci cand in propozitia "stimul" se afla un VERB AUXILIAR sau MODAL, acesta se repeta in intrebarea disjunctiva la semn invers.

Mary is at home, isn't she?

My parents aren't at home, are they?

Atunci cand in propozitia "stimul" se afla un VERB OBISNUIT, in intrebarea disjunctiva se foloseste verbul auxiliar TO DO la acelasi timp si la aceeasi persoana.

Lucy has finished here paper, hasn't she?

They haven't went there, have they?

Forma negativa a VERBULUI AUXILIAR sau MODAL din intrebarea disjunctiva este in totdeauna contrara (am) not isn't, didn't, can't, etc.

I am here, am I not?

Subiectul intrebarii disjunctive este intotdeauna pronumele corespunzator subiectului propozitiei stimul

He will graduate, will he?

Atunci cand intrebarea disjunctiva este doar o exclamatie verbul auxiliar sau modal este folosit la acelasi semn cu predicatul propozitiei stimul.

You will tell me the truth, will you?

Intrebarea disjunctiva este despartita de propozitia stimul prin VIRGULA

Susan is here, isn't she?