DIATEZA - engleza

• Este forma pe care o ia verbul in functie de ce face subiectul.
• Clasificare : - diateza activa

diateza reflexiva

diateza pasiva

1.1Diateza activa

Subiectul este activ, el face actiunea exprimata de verb si o sufera altcineva.

Exemplu Helen came to see me yesterday.

Mother tells the children a story

1.2.DIATEZA REFLEXIVA

Nu exista ca atare in lb engleza. Ea este inclusa in intelesulunor verbe. Se traduce prin asezarea unui pronume reflaxiv dupa verb pentru ca subiectul sa faca actiunea si s-o sufere tot el.

Exemplu I wash myself. Ma spal.

I wash my hands. Ma spal pe maini.

You are glad. Te bucuri.

He grows fat. Se ingrasa.

1.3.DIATEZA PASIVA

Cand actiunea exprimata de verb este facuta de altcineva dar sufera subiectul.

Exemplu The poem is read by me. Poezia e citita de mine.

A nice house was built in our street. O casa draguta a fost construita la noi pe strada.

• Diateza pasiva se formeaza astfel:

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + TO BE + Verb [ + ed (regulat) sau forma IIIa (neregulat)]

• Cand se trece o propozitie de la diateza activa la cea pasiva, complementul direct devine subiect si subiectul (nu e obligatoriu) devine complement introdus de prepozitia "by". Verbul TO BE pastreaza timpul de la diateza activa.

Exemple

DA --- Mother washes the child. (prezent simplu)

DP --- The child is washed by mother.

DA --- The boy is solving a problem. (prezent continuu)

DP --- The problem is being solved by the pupil.

DA --- We have sent for a doctor. (prezent perfect)

DP --- A doctor has been sent for.

DA --- You cannot speak to him. (modal)

DP --- He can't be spoken to.

Observatie

In propozitia de la diateza pasiva prepozitia este pusa imediat dupa verb.

Cand verbul din propozitia activa are doua complemente (unul direct, unul indirect), ambele pot

deveni subiecte ale propozitiei pasive.

Exemplu DA --- Mother was told the children a story.

DP --- A story was told to the children . sau

The children were told a story.

Formele impersonale ale limbii romane "se spune", "se crede" etc. in limba engleza se traduc prin verbe la pasiv.

Exemplu They are believed to win the match. Se crede ca ei vor castiga meciul.

I was explained everything Mi s-a explicat totul.

He was told what to do I s-a spus ce sa faca.

Verbul TO HAVE poate fi folosit cu nuanta de pasiv:

Exemplu I had my hair cut. M-am tuns (la coafor).

She had her dress cleaned. Si-a curatat rochia (la curatatorie)

Verbul TO GET poate fi folosit in locul lui TO BE (auxiliar).

Exemplu The tourists got caught by storm (= were caught).

Exista unele verbe care desi sunt la activ au valoare de pasiv:

Exemplu This medicine tastes bitter. Medicamentul are gust amar.

Cotton wears well. Bumbacul se poarta bine.

The book will sell quickly. Cartea aceea se va vinde repede.