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Prezentul continuu
Utilizarea prezentului continuu
Prezentul continuu este utilizat pentru a exprima:
cu verbe de activitate durativa fara scop:
a. o actiune in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii
Listen! He is singing in the bathroom!
Aceasta intrebuintare este marcata de obicei de adverbe de timp ca: now, right now, at this moment, dar poate aparea si fara ele, momentul de fata reiesind din forma continua a verbului (What is Dan doing? He is talking on the phone)
b. o actiune obisnuita, repetata, prezentata in desfasurarea ei in anumite circumstante
I always take my umbrella when it is raining.
I never read while I'm eating.
cu verbele de activitate non-durativa implicand un scop, o actiune care nu a fost terminata la momentul vorbirii
He is doing his homework.
cu verbe de activitate non-durativa, o actiune repetata in momentul vorbirii (He is knocking on the door) sau o actiune repetata in mod frecvent, care deranjeaza sau irita pe vorbitor:
My neighbour is always starting his car when I want to have a rest.
Aceasta folosire a prezentului continuu este obligatoriu insotita de adverbe de frecventa ca: always, all the time, forever (totdeauna), continually, etc.
Acestea se aseaza intre auxiliarul be si forma in -ing, cu exceptia lui all the time care ocupa o pozitie finala in propozitie.
That child is continually crying.
He is crying all the time.
cu verbe care denumesc o stare, o actiune cu caracter temporar, care are loc pentru o perioada limitata de timp (incluzand momentul vorbirii):
Ann is attending Poly. (Ana urmeaza Politehnica)
Complinirile adverbiale pentru aceasta intrebuintare a prezentului continuu sunt:
Today, this week, these days, this month/year, etc.
My father usually teaches geometry, but he's teaching algebra this year.
Prezentul continuu este folosit si pentru a desemna o actiune viitoare planificata din prezent
We are leaving tomorrow.
O abordare mai simpla a intrebuintarii prezentului continuu
In acest caz, este insotit adesea de o indicatie temporala, cum ar fi now, at the moment, etc.
Look! Their plane is landing!
Hey you! What are you doing in my garden?
At the moment? He's watching TV!
He is standing.
Standing = in picioare
Sitting = asezat
Lying = culcat
Bending over = aplecat peste
Leaning against (the wall) = sprijinit (de perete)
Leaning out (of a window) = aplecat (peste o fereastra)
Kneeling = in genunchi
Squatting = ghemuit
I'm buying a new car in September.
What are you doing tonight?
I'm leaving tomorrow.
He's always asking embarassing questions.
She is always criticizing my friends.
That child is continually crying
I always take my umbrella when it is raining.
I never read while I'm eating.
She looks so nice when she's sleeping.
I meet him whenever I walk in the park.
Ortografia participiului prezent
a) consoana finala se dubleaza daca vocala care o precede este scurta si accentuata
Ex.: stopping; referring
OBS.: In engleza britanica -l final se dubleaza indiferent de accent; in engleza americana, -l final se dubleaza numai daca accentul cade pe ultima silaba:
Ex.: controlling; traveling
b) -y final se pastreaza indiferent daca este precedat de consoana sau vocala
c) -e final se omite
Ex.: have - having; taste - tasting
Exceptii: agree - agreeing; be - being; see - seeing; dye - dyeing (a vopsi)
Formarea prezentului continuu
To be + vb-ing
Afirmativ |
Negativ |
Interogativ |
Interogativ - Negativ |
I am reading You are walking He is dreaming She is buying It is raining We are asking You are listening They are playing |
I am not reading You are not walking He is not dreaming She isn't buying It isn't raining We aren't asking You aren't listening They aren't playing |
Am I reading? Are you walking? Is he dreaming? Is she buying? Is it raining? Are we asking? Are you listening? Are they playing? |
Am I not reading? (Ain't I, Aren't I) Aren't you reading? Isn't he dreaming? Isn't she buying? Isn't it raining? Aren't we asking? Aren't you listening? Arent't they playing? |
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