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Your Company Name Business Plan
Type Subtitle Cover For Business Plan
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1
Company Background 3
Business History 3
Growth and Financial Objectives 3
Legal Structure and Ownership 4
Company Location and Facilities 4
Plans for Financing the Business 4
Organization 4
Team Members 5
Organizational Structure 5
Other Key Employees 5
Principal Stockholders 5
Market Analysis 5
Summary 5
Industry Analysis 5
Target Market 6
Customer Profile 6
Major competitors and participants 6
Market Segmentation 6
Projected Market Growth and Market Share Objectives 6
Product / Service Offering 6
Product / Service Summary 6
Product / Service Uniqueness 7
Product / Service Descriptions 7
Competitive Comparisons 7
Research and Development 7
Patents and Trademarks 8
Manufacturing / Production Plan (optional) 8
Current Plant Production and Capacity 8
Production Issues 8
Quality Control 8
Labor Force 8
Marketing Plan 8
Creating and Maintaining Customers 8
Product Pricing Strategy 8
Product Positioning 9
Sales and Distribution Plan 9
Promotional Strategy 9
Financial Plan and Analysis 11
Your Company Name Business Plan
Subtitle to Attract the Readers Attention
The executive Summary must capture the essence of your proposed business venture. Try to keep the summary as brief as possible. Whether you are preparing this proposal for a venture capitalist, banker, or your boss, it is imperative that your summary be of the highest quality. These individuals are flooded with requests for assistance. Since the summary is a distillation of your plan, you might want to complete this section after you complete the rest of your business plan. Or write the summary first, then create the business plan and then go back to the summary, improve it and insure its consistency with the rest of your plan.
Since your objective is to lure the reader to want more information, your summary should have the following elements:
it should be concise - you have one or two minutes to tell someone about your business.
it should be exciting
it should communicate how your business concept is unique
No matter how long you spent developing and honing your business plan, the reader of the plan will only spend five minutes reading it! Its important to make those five minutes work to your favor. You may have the most meticulous and well crafted business plan imaginable - in the end, however, the best plan is the one that entices the reader.
Surprisingly, many business plans neglect to include their formal name, address and principal contact. Please insure that you leave a number that is attended. If the business plan recipient cant reach you in one or two attempts, they will move on to the next proposal. Make sure this information is on your proposal - there is a prominent location on the front cover to put this information. Feel free to repeat the information in the Executive Summary.
This section answers the question - What business am I in - a non trivial question. Deciding what business you are in is probably the most important decision you will have to make. If you know it, include the SIC code that describes your business. Indicate whether the business is a start-up or an existing business.
Here, you can briefly describe the history of the company. Is this a startup? An expansion of an existing business? A division of a larger business that is launching a new product or service? Is the business a sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation? If your business is a going concern, briefly describe the companys historical performance.
Clearly state the sales and profitability objectives and the underlying ways that you will meet these objectives. The chart below from the Business Plan Excel workbook is an appropriate chart to visually describe your goals.
Sales and Profitability objectives for five year period.
Perhaps the biggest key to success of any business are the people who run it. Be sure to summarize the expertise of the management in this particular business. Since poor management is a key contributor to business failure, describe why the cards are stacked in your favor.
Describe the product or service you are offering and clearly state why the product is unique. If the product is not unique, be sure to explain why it will succeed over existing products.
If you are writing this proposal to an audience where you are requesting funds, be specific in your request. Select a number and explain why that amount is needed. Also state whether the money you are raising is in the form of equity or debt. When you send the proposal to organizations, you can save valuable time by understanding which types of investments they make. Some investment companies do not make any equity investments while others specialize in this investment.
If you are seeking debt financing, be prepared to discuss whether collateral is available. If you are seeking an equity investment, be prepared to discuss the % ownership position.
Be as specific as possible on how the proceeds will be spent. Include a chart or table to describe this if you wish.
If you are requesting funds to grow your business, your investor will want to understand how you are planning your exit strategy. Most investors want to realize a gain over a medium term horizon. Dont underestimate the time it will take to either take the company public or sell the business. Most investors should be willing to wait for a three year period before their investment can be realized.
The first part of a business plan should clearly define the Identification of Market Opportunity. Be prepared to discuss the total dollar volume of the market, the rate that the market is growing and the overall demand for the product or service you are offering.
Give a brief history of the companys business to date, when your product or service was introduced and the key milestones that you have met. Be sure to keep this section brief, since your investor is primarily concerned about the future, not the past.
State your growth and financial objectives as clearly as possible. You can start with the sales chart for the five year period below.
Follow this up with the sales table broken down by product line
Then you might want to explain how you plan to keep certain financial metrics and use the Financial Highlights table to clearly portray your goals.
Describe how the company is legally organized. This is a decision that is best made in the early stages of the company. The decision to establish your company as a sole proprietorship, a partnership or a corporation that will issue stock is an important one. You may want to consult with an attorney and/or accountant before doing this.
State where the company conducts its business, what real estate the company owns or leases it has for plants and offices. Be sure to address the issues regarding your future space requirements and how this might determine your need to expand or move.
Investors prefer to see a defined financing proposal which shows the capital needs of the venture and the proposed equity or debt agreement. The financing proposal may refer to the Start-Up Costs that are attached in the appendix if it is a start-up. If the company is a start-up, or an ongoing concern, be sure to detail the use of the proceeds from the financing. What collateral or personal guarantees will be offered for an equity or debt investment?
Many investors believe that the management team is the most important element of a companys success. A well executed plan makes it easier for the investor to meet the people behind the product. Since this element is a key factor that is scrutinized, it is important to show how the management team has what it takes to make this venture a success.
Briefly describe the key management attributes of each member senior level management team. Emphasize the achievements of the key employees and how you expect their skill will give the company a competitive advantage.
If you have a graphical representation of the structure, include it here. You can use Microsoft Organization Chart to create your chart or other charting program. To delete the chart below, simply select it by clicking on the object and press the delete key.
Sample Organization Chart Created with Microsoft Organization Chart.
In many companies, there are key individuals who are not senior members of the management team. These employees might be the creative spark, the technical developer or the sales closer for major deals. Address the ways that you plan to keep these employees.
If you are seeking an equity investment, this is an important dimension to explain. If you prefer, you can also move this section to another are of the plan. The reason it is under organization is that most new businesses have significant ownership by the owners and employees. Show current ownership and how it will be affected with the financial proceeds of the equity partner. Include a chart that graphically depicts the before and after stock ownership if you are seeking an equity investment.
A clear understanding of the market is an essential prerequisite to writing the marketing plan which follows. Give a brief summary of the overall characteristics of the market, its growth prospects, and your target market.
In this section, you should answer the following questions:
What is the size of the market?
What percent do you currently have and what percent do you want to capture
What are the growth prospects for this market? As the market increases, how will this affect your market share?
Longer term, how can you expand your markets? If you are selling worldwide, how will you address international markets?
Given the total available market, what is the specific market segment that you are addressing with your product or service?
Who is expected to use your product or service. What will they use it for? Why do they buy the product? If you are already selling your products or services, who is currently buying them and why?
Discuss the current and expected competitive market. Is the market competitive? If not, why not? Be sure to rate your competitors market share, their financial strength and how their product compares with yours. What are the barriers of entry to the market that you wish to serve (i.e. how easy is it to get started in this business?
What are the demographics of your target customer? If you are selling to individual consumers, what is their age, sex, income level, education, race, occupation, lifestyle, number of children at home. Are they married, single, or retired? Where does the target customer live? Where will the business be located and how does that affect your target segment
If you are selling to businesses, what kinds of businesses are purchasing your products (SIC codes, etc.), what is their sales volume, and how many employees do they have?
Briefly comment on the social, geographic, and demographic trends that support your conclusions for the market forecasts. Support your market forecasts with reports on your industry and other available public or private economic data.
If you are projecting your sales forecasts using the market size and market share method, feel free to reference your projections with the data from the spreadsheet. You can insert this spreadsheet data her or in the appendix.
Precisely describe the product or service. There shouldnt be any doubts left in the readers mind as to what you produce or the service you offer. The product description should be brief and succinct many marketing consultants insist that you be able to describe a product and its benefits in 20 seconds or less. If you are having problems briefly describing your product and its benefits, you may need to work on this until you capture its essence. If you have more than one product, describe each individually.
Most new businesses are established to sell products and/or services that are already available. Describe the unique features of your product or service. What makes your product different and why will customers purchase your product or service? Your product may be a commodity, but it can be differentiated by the way it is delivered, priced or packaged. In order to succeed, you must provide your prospective customers a clear reason to buy your product or service over that of your competitors. Being different from your competitor is important but this difference must have provide a tangible benefit to the buyer.
If you have a proprietary advantage clearly state it. Is there a quantifiable benefit that can be associated with your product? How long does it take for the product to pay for itself?
Briefly describe the product features of benefits of each of your products or services. Answer the following questions:
What is it that you are selling? Marketing consultants dont sell advice - they are selling a way for companies to transform themselves into market and profit leaders.
What are the product benefits?
Briefly describe the primary competitive products for each of your product/service offerings. Include a competitive grid - like the one below:
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Competitor 1 |
Competitor 2 |
Competitor 3 |
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Product Quality | |||
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Price | |||
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Image | |||
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Target user | |||
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Distribution | |||
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Warranty | |||
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Promotion |
Product Comparison Table
What research has been conducted to date and how much will be needed in the future? Does the business require substantial R&D to be successful? How do your competitors rate in this area?
Are there any patents or trademarks issued for the companys products? Does the company have full assignment of the all the patent rights? Have you entered into any licensing agreements with other companies to use it? If you are licensing technology or patents from someone else, be sure to detail the agreement.
If the product(s) is currently being produced, describe the facility and current plant capacity. Describe how you plan to add production and plant capacity to meet your projected growth plan.
How do your production facilities and production process compare with your competitors?
Describe how the product is manufactured. If possible, provide a simple step by step production process in a list or flowchart form. Investors will want to know if there are significant risks to smoothly and cheaply producing your product. Are you adding significant value to the manufacturing process or simply assembling parts produced by others? Provide a rationale for producing the product yourself as opposed to subcontracting the process.
Describe your relationships with your manufacturing subcontractors and parts suppliers and note any potential supply problems.
Briefly describe your quality control procedures and the expertise of your manufacturing personnel in this area. Does your company ascribe to a particular standard?
What is the percentage of labor content in each product produced? How do you plan to hire and maintain a loyal workforce? Are skilled personnel available in your area at competitive labor rates?
Attracting and maintaining customers is the key goal of any business. The best way to craft a winning marketing strategy is to view your product or service through our customers eyes. What is the image the customer perceives when they think of your product or service? It is important to create an integrated approach to your pricing, promotion and distribution plans.
The best way to understand your product and or service through your customers eyes is to stay in very close contact with your current and prospective customers. Your investors will want to know what your customers say about your product offering.
Product pricing is a major consideration in your plan since it has a significant impact on your profitability objectives. Pricing says a lot about the target market that you have selected and how you want to position the quality of your products. What are the objectives of your pricing? Do you want to increase market share or maximize profits. Are your prices based on cost plus markup? Are your prices determined by competitive comparisons if they are, and you are higher or lower than your competitor, do you believe that the product or service is price sensitive?
Is there seasonality in your business which requires pricing variation? Do you plan to offer product promotions which will affect your average sales price?
Use the Break-Even analysis to evaluate your alternatives. Refer to the Break-Even analysis in the appendix.
How you position your product or service is key to your success. It is necessary to analyze your product versus the competition. There are a number of ways that you can position your product:
By product difference
Find the benefit of your product or service that is the most important to your target market.
By highlighting the users of your product
By positioning your product against a competitor.
There are several more ways to position your product. Find the one that you works best for your company and product.
If you have a retail store, this is pretty straightforward - the customers come to your place of business. In this case, the physical location of your business is very important.
If you have a service business, your physical location is less important, but there are many factors to consider in selecting your location and these should be tied in with your overall target market and objectives.
If you are selling your own product, you need to decide how to get your product to the ultimate consumer. Discuss your choice for a direct sales force, direct marketing, telemarketing, sales agents and distributors in this section. Do you plan to use the Internet to promote your product and or services?
Any promotional strategy must answer the following questions:
who to target your message to
what message you want to communicate to your prospective customers
when to place your message
where to place your message
Given the fact that you have defined a target market and the sales method to reach that market, you can now assemble a promotional plan to back up your distribution strategy. There are many ways to promote your business. These include advertising, exhibiting at trade shows, public relations, direct mail, sales promotion and even your own personal selling. If you own a retail store, the stores windows become a promotional vehicle.
It is helpful to develop a budget that is broken down by category. You can use the supplemental worksheet entitled Quarterly Marketing Budget or the Sales Promotion Expenses to help develop this plan. If you wish, attach these in your Financial Analysis. Over time, you will discover the promotional methods that have the best bang for the buck.
Ensure that your promotional plan meshes with your overall product positioning and what makes your product different from the competition.
Briefly describe the numbers in the report and on the chart
This table includes key financial ratios - discuss the ones that night draw attention.
Describe these numbers.
Point out any key issues from this report.
There are two cash budgets - one for the first 12 months and one for a five year period. Two charts also depict these 12 month and 5 year cash balances. Use the ones that make sense for your business and describe the cash trends.
Use the Break-Even analysis to compare your projected monthly sales with the break-even point.
Insert other worksheets that you may have developed or include the worksheets from some of the supplemental files that come with the product (e.g., Direct Marketing Analysis, Average Selling Price Analysis, Merchandise Plans, Financial Comparisons, etc.) to round out your specific plan.
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