PASSING THROUGH NARROWS AND CHANNELS

PASSING THROUGH NARROWS AND CHANNELS

1. Read the text and try to guess the new words and expressions from the context.

When sailing through narrows or canals a vessel should proceed with great care and reduce her speed. Sometimes it is necessary to take soundings to avoid running aground.

The ship has to keep to one side of the channel, in most cases to the starboard side. In narrow places ships are not allowed to overtake one another. To avoid collision with other ships, the Captain must strictly adhere to the Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea.

Ships should strictly adhere to these regulations to avoid accidents both when sailing and when riding at anchor.

A vessel at anchor in dependence of her length shall carry one or two white lights visible all round the horizon, one at the foremast stay and the other at the stern.

A vessel aground shall carry the same white light or lights and two red lights disposed vertically one over the other and visible all round the horizon, at a distance of at least 2 miles.

Every vessel shall use sound signals too. In fog, mist, falling snow or heavy rain-storms, whether by day or by night, a vessel under way shall sound a prolonged blast at intervals of more than two minutes.

Here are some general definitions stated in Rule 3 of the International Regulations for preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972:

The word vessel includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

The term power-driven vessel means any vessel propelled by machinery.

The term sailing vessel means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

The term vessel engaged in fishing means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.

The word seaplane includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.

The term vessel not under command means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

The term vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvremeans a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

The term vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre shall include but not be limited to:

(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;

(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;

(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishing or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while

underway

(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;

(v) a vessel engaged in mineclearance;

(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

The term vessel constrained by her draught means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.

The word underway means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

The words length and breadth of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.

Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.

The term restricted visibility means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.

2. Role-play the following dialogues and then work out and perform dialogues of your own.

2.1.Dialogue 1.

WO = watch officer; P = pilot

WO: What side of the canal must we keep to here?

P: We must keep to starboard side if there is much shipping. In some places, where the traffic is in one direction only, we must keep in midchannel.

WO: What speed is allowed in the canal?

P: The regulation speed allowed here must not exceed 7 knots.

WO: Shall we have to anchor when proceeding through the canal?

P: No, we shall have to moor to the buoys or to the canal sides, but still both bow anchors must be ready to let go.

WO: Where shall we have to make fast?

P: Well have to make fast in the sidings to let other ships pass by.

WO: What ships do you mean?

P: I mean the ships coming from the opposite direction.

WO: Oh, I see. Are the ships allowed to overtake one another in this canal?

P: Well, if the ships proceed in one direction they are not allowed to do so.

WO: Now I understand. A ship may overtake another ship in the canal only if that ship is moored to the bank or to the buoys.

P: Exactly so.

2.2.Dialogue 2.

P: See, beyond that bend there is heavy traffic in this channel; a lot of fishing boats and sailing ships are plying to and fro.

W O: Well, I understand we must reduce the speed.

P: Yes, thats one thing. Besides, it is advisable to keep a lookout at the bow.

WO: All right, Ill see to that. By the way what is that motor-vessel astern of us signalling to us?

P: That motor-vessel asks if we can let her pass ahead of us.

WO: Well, well alter course to starboard so that she may overtake us on port side.

P: What is the lookout reporting?

WO: He is reporting that there is a fishing boat dead ahead of us.

P: Well have to slow down and sound a prolonged blast.

WO: All right, Ill do that. By the way, pay attention to the sailing vessel on our starboard bow.

2.3. Dialogue 3.

P: We shall proceed through the canal at night.

WO: Well, what then?

P: You must get ready the searchlight and steaming lights, according to the Regulations.

WO: This we have already attended to. What other arrangements should be made?

P: The hawsers must be ready to be sent ashore or to the buoys.

WO: What else?

P: A boat must be ready to run hawsers to the mooring buoys.

WO: Shall we swing the boat out?

P: Yes, swing her out and keep her ready to be lowered without delay.

WO: What about the engines?

P: During the stay in the canal, the engine must be kept ready at short notice.

2.4 Dialogue 4.

WO: What signals must we hoist when the ship is made fast in the canal?

P: By day, you should hoist Pendant No.2 under answering pennant close up to the masthead; by night, a red light between two white vertical lights in the same position.

WO: What will these signals mean?

P: They will mean that you made fast voluntarily and your ship may be passed or overtaken. I must also warn you about some prohibitions. During the transit and stay in the canal it is prohibited to throw overboard ashes and refuse. You are not allowed to empty oil, scourings and cleansing water into the canal.

WO: Well, these are customary and general regulations. Anyhow, thank you very much for your warning.

. VOCABULARY

Words and expressions

To proceed = a merge, a se deplasa

To overtake = a depasi

Collision = coliziune. abordaj

Sound signal = semnal sonor

Traffic = trafic, circulatie

To anchor = a ancora

Bow = prova

Look-out = observator prova

Ahead = inainte, tn prova

Dead ahead = chiar in prova, drept inainte

To slow down = a reduce viteza, a incetini

Sailing vessel (ship) = velier

Steaming lights = lumini de drum

Hawser= parima, legauri

To swing in (the boat) = a aduce barca la bord

To swing out (the boat) = a soate barca in afara bordului

To lower = a cobori, a vira, a lasa la apa

Pendant, pennant = flamura

To warn = a avertiza

Prohibition = interdictie

Ashes = cenusa

Refuse = resturi

Scourings = reziduri

To empty = a goli

To reduce speed = a reduce viteza

To take soundings = a face sondaje

To run aground = a se pune pe uscat

To ride at anchor = a sta la ancora

To get moored = a se lega, a acosta

To be underway = a fi in mars

To alter course to starboard/port = a schimba de drum la tribord/babord

To run the hawser to a buoy = a da parima de legare la baliza

Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea = Regulamentul pentru prevenirea abordajelor pe mare.

Fairway = senal, pasa de navigatie

Narrow channels = cale de acces ingusta

To impede = a stinjeni

To avoid = a evita

To cross = a traversa

To be in doubt= a fi in dubiu

Bend = cot

Obscured = mascat

Obstruction = obstacol

Particular alertness = vigilenta deosebita

Caution = prudenta

To sound a signal = a emite un semnal sonor

To admit = a permite

Power-driven vessel = nava cu propulsie mecanica

Vessel not under command = nava care nu este stapina pe manevra

Vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre = nava cu capacitate de manevra redusa

To lay a cable/pipeline = a pune un cablu, conducta submarina

Surveying operations = operatiuni de ridicari hidrografice sau oceanografice

Replenishment = alimentare cu combustibil

Mineclearance operations =operatiuni de dragare de mine

Vessel constrained by her draught = nava stinjenita de pescajul sau

Vessels shall be deemed to = a fi considerat ca fiind

Conduct of vessels in sight of one another = comportarea navelor care se vad una pe alta

Overtaking nava care ajunge din urma alta nava

Notwistanding oricare ar fi (dispozitiile

Any subsequent alteration of = nici o schimbare ulterioara

To keep clear of = a se abate din drumul

Crossing vessel nava care taie drumul altei nave

She is finally past and clear definitiv evitata si depasita

Head-on situation nave avind drumuri direct opuse

Crossing situation = nave ale caror drumuri se incruciseaza

Action by give-way vessel = manevra navei neprivilegiate

Action by stand-on vessel = manevra navei privilegiate

Responsibilities between vessels = responsibilitati reciproce ale navelor

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility conducerea navelor pe timp cu vizibilitate redusa

To proceed a naviga

Close quarters situation situatie de foarte mare apropiere si/sau un pericol de abordaj

In ample time = cu mult timp inainte

To take all her way off sa opreasca

Extreme caution atentie extrema

4. Read carefully the excerpts from Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea and then translate them into Romanian. You should note the language structures that are commonly used in formal legal documents ( i.e. rules and regulations)

4.1.Steering and Sailing rules (Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea)

4.1.1 Rule 9. Narrow channels

A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34 (d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

( I ) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 ( c) ( I ). The vessel to be overtaken shall, If in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 ( c ) (ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34 (d).

(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.

A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (e)

Any vessel shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

4.2.Section II. Conduct of vessels in sight of one another

RULE 13

Overtaking

(a)    Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b)   A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c)    When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d)   Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

RULE 14

Head-on situation

(a)    When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.

(b)   Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

(c)    When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

RULE 15

Crossing situation

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on he own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

RULE 16

Action by give-way vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

RULE 17

Action by stand-on vessel

(I) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.

(ii)The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

When, from any cause, the vessel is required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with sub-paragraph (a) (ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.

This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

RULE 18

Responsibilities between vessels

Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:

A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing

(iv) a sailing vessel

A sailing vessel under way shall keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel no under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing

A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.

(I) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.

A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part.

4.3. Section III. Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

RULE 19

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.

Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.

A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:

(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;

(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.

Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the maximum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.

5. Reading Comprehension

5.1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1. How should a vessel proceed through narrows?

2. Why should she take soundings from time to time?

3 .Which side of the channel is the ship to keep to, as a rule?

4. May ships overtake each other in narrows?

5. What rules shall a vessel adhere to to avoid collisions?

6. What do we mean when we say the vessel is underway?

7. What lights shall a vessel carry when at anchor at night?

8. What additional lights shall she carry when aground?

9. Should the anchor lights be visible all round the horizon?

10 .What signals are used by ships in fog?

11. What sound signals are by ships underway?

12. What do we mean by the term vessel not under command?

13. What do we mean by the term vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre?

14. What does a vessel constrained by her draught mean?

5.2. Read the dialogues again and then answer the following questions:

5.2.1. Dialogue 1.

1. What did the pilot say about the traffic in the canal?

2. What speed was allowed in the canal?

3. Did the ship have to anchor or to moor in the canal?

4. Why did the ship have to make fast in the sidings?

5.2.2. Dialogue 2.

1 .Did the pilot say that there was little traffic in the channel?

2. What did the watch officer say about the ships speed?

3. Where was it advisable to keep a lookout?

4. What did the watch officer say about altering course?

5. What did the lookout report?

5.2.3.Dialogue 3.

1. What did the pilot say about the searchlight and steaming lights?

2. What did he say about the hawsers?

3. What did the watch officer say about the boat?

4. What did the pilot say about the engine?

5.2.4.Dialogue 4.

1. Is a vessel allowed to throw ashes and refuse overboard when in port?

2. Is she allowed to empty her cleansing water and oil into the canal?

6.GRAMMAR: Prepositions (II)

6.1.Adjective + preposition

After many adjectives we use particular prepositions. For example, we say afraid of, interested in and bored with.

Excited about; worried about; nervous about; angry about; annoyed about; furious about

Im excited about having my birthday party tomorrow.

Are you worried about your exam?

Im angry about all the mess youve made.

Good at; bad at; clever at; hopeless at

Im not very good at mathematics.

Youre not bad at chess.

Surprised at/by; shocked at/by; astonished at/by; amazed at/by

We were surprised at/by the size of the house.

Famous for; well known for; responsible for

Brazil is famous for its coffee.

Who is responsible for breaking this window?

Different from/to

Hes very different from/to his sister.

Interested in

Im quite interested in photography.

Afraid of; frightened of; scared of; proud of; full of; ashamed of; jealous of; envious of; suspicious of; short of; aware of; conscious of; capable of; fond of; tired of.

Are you afraid of spiders?

Im very proud of you.

Are you jealous of his success?

Nice/kind/good/friendly/rude/stupid of someone

It was very nice of Simon to lend you the money.

Keen on

Shes not very keen on tennis,

Engaged to; married to; similar to

Marianne is engaged to Alan.

Your camera is similar to mine.

Nice/kind/good/friendly/polite/rude to someone

A shop assistant should be polite to customers.

Pleased with; bored with; disappointed with; happy with

You look very pleased with yourself.

I became bored with the book and stopped reading it.

Angry/annoyed/furious with someone for (doing) something

Are you angry with me for being late?

6.2.Noun + preposition

After many nouns we use particular prepositions. For example, we say (a) reason for, (an) example of, (an) increase in.

Difference between

There are a lot of differences between living in the country and living in a city.

Reason for; demand for, need for

What was the reason for the accident?

There is a need for more houses in this area.

Increase/decrease in; rise/fall in

There has been an increase in the price of petrol.

Difficulty in doing something.

Does he have much difficulty in doing his schoolwork?

But note: difficulty with something

Does he have much difficulty with his schoolwork?

Example of; cause of; picture/photograph of

This building is an example of good modern architecture.

What was the cause of the accident?

Have you got a photograph of your family?

Answer to; solution to; reply to; invitation to; reaction to

Have you had an answer to your letter?

Where are the answers to the exercise?

I got an invitation to dinner yesterday.

Attitude to/towards

Whats your attitude to/towards this idea?

Relationship with

Our company has a very good relationship with the bank.

But note: relationship between

The relationship between our company and the bank is very good.

6.3. Preposition + noun

We use particular prepositions before many nouns. For example, we say on television and by mistake.

Here are some common examples of these preposition + noun combinations:

By mistake; by accident; by chance

I put salt in my coffee by mistake.

We say: (to pay) by cheque/by credit card, but (to pay) but (to pay) in cash or (to pay) cash.

Id like to pay by credit card.

(a book/film/painting etc) by someone.

Im reading a book by James Joyce, (=written by James Joyce)

(to go/come) for a drink/a meal/a walk/a swim

Would you like to go for a drink?

(to have something ) for breakfast/lunch/dinner

We had spaghetti for lunch.

(to be/fall) in love with someone/something

Jimmy is in love with Angela.

In someones opinion

In my opinion you should phone the police.

(to be/go/come) on holiday/a journey/a trip/business

Im going on holiday in April.

But note: (to go/come0 for a holiday

Id like to go to Jamaica for a holiday.

On television/the radio

Whats on television this evening?

6.4. Verb + preposition

After many verbs we use particular prepositions. For example, we say believe in and concentrate on.

Here are some common examples of these verb + preposition combinations:

Apologize to someone for (doing) something

I apologized to her for being late.

Apply for

Are you going to apply for the job?

Believe in

Do you believe in life after death?

Belong to

Does this book belong to you?

Care about (=think someone/something is important)

I dont care about money. Money cant buy happiness.

But: care for (=look after; nurse)

Shes very good at caring for sick animals.

Take care of (=look after)

Could you take care of the baby while I go out shopping?

Complain to (someone) about (something)

The workers complained to the manager about the working conditions.

Concentrate on

Concentrate on the road when youre driving.

Crash into; run into; drive into; bump into

When I was driving home I almost crashed into a bus.

Depend on

Are you going to the beach tomorrow? It depends on the weather.

Die of

A lot of people are dying of AIDS.

Dream about (while asleep)

I was dreaming about Sue when I suddenly woke up.

But: dream of (=imagine)

When I was younger I dreamt of being a famous pop-singer.

Also: dream of (=consider)

I wouldnt dream of changing my job.

Hear about (=be told about)

Have you heard about Jimmy? He broke his leg in a skiing accident.

But: hear from (=receive news from)

We havent heard from Mike since he wrote to us last May.

Also: hear of (= know that someone/something exists)

Have you heard of a disco called The Dance Factory?

Laugh at; smile at

Whos that girl smiling at you?

Listen to

Would you like to listen to some music?

Look at

Look at this photograph.

But: look for (=try to find)

Can you help me please? Im looking for West Street.

Also: look after (=take care of)

Could you look after the baby while I go out shopping?

Rely on

You cant rely on the post. Its always late.

Search for

Ive been searching for my keys.

Shout at

Dont shout at me! I can hear you.

Speak to; talk to

I spoke to Sue this morning.

Suffer from

He suffers from asthma.

Think about (=use the mind)

You look sad. What are you thinking about?

But: think of/about (=consider)

Im thinking of/about changing my job.

Also: think of (=have an opinion about)

What do you think of Sue? Shes very nice.

Also: think of bring to the mind)

I cant think of any reason why the accident happened.

Wait for

How long have you been waiting for the bus?

Write to

Ill write to you soon.

6.5. Verb + object + preposition

After some verbs we use an object followed by a particular preposition.For example we say borrow something from someone.

Here are some common examples of these verb+object+preposition combinations:

Accuse someone of (doing) something.

The police accused the man of murder.

Blame someone/something for something

Dont blame me for what happened. It wasnt my fault.

But: blame something on someone/something

Dont blame what happened on me. It wasnt my fault.

Congratulate someone on doing something

We congratulated them on getting married.

Explain something to someone

I explained the problem to the police.

Invite someone to something

Mike has invited me to the cinema this evening.

Remind someone about something (=tell someone not to forget)

Simon reminded me about Sarahs birthday, so I bought a card.

But: remind someone of something/someone (=cause someone to remember)

This song reminds me of the first time we met.

Tell someone about something

Did they tell you about their holiday?

Warn someone about something/someone

His boss has warned him about being late for work.

7. Preposition (II) Progress test

Word and preposition combinations

Choose the correct preposition-A, B or C.

Im feeling rather nervousmy interview tomorrow.

A of B to C about

I used to be quite good dancing.

A in Bat C on

Are you afraid snakes?

A by B to C of

Pisa in Italy is famousits Leaning Tower.

A about B from C for

Im not really interestedstamp collecting.

A in B on C by

Theres no needyou to worry.

A to B for C of

Whos responsible these children?

A of B for C in

There has been a risethe number of homeless people.

A in B of C with

Ive had some difficultymy new computer.

A with B of C in

Sally met an old friend in town quitechance yesterday.

A on B by C with

Ken and Kate will beholiday soon.

A on B in C at

The film The Birds was madeAlfred Hitchcock.

A to B of C by

My brother is thinkingselling his car.

A to B of C on

I cant concentrateanything at the moment.

A on B to C about

They apologizedlosing my letter.

A to B in C for

When Robert was younger, he dreamtbeing a famous footballer one day.

A to B of C in

Theyre taking very good careyour son in hospital.

A about B for C of

I congratulated themgetting engaged.

A on B of C in

Ive warned youtaking my things without asking me.

A for B of C about

That smell always reminds mehospitals.

A on B of C about

8. Progress Test answer-key

1C; 2B; 3C; 4C; 5A; 6B; 7B; 8A; 9A; 10B; 11A; 12C; 13B; 14A; 15C; 16B; 17C; 18A; 19C; 20B