External Declarations: Function Definitions
External Declarations The unit of input provided to the C compiler is called a translation unit; it consists of a sequence of external declarations, which are either declarations or function definitions. translation-uCiteste tot ... 968 cuvinte
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Sizeof and storage allocation
Sizeof and storage allocation The sizeof operator returns the size in bytes of its operand. Whether the result of sizeof is unsigned int or unsigned long is implementation defined—which is why the declaration of malloc above ducked the issue byCiteste tot ... 1500 cuvinte
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The Task ahead - Logical expressions and Relational Operators
The Task ahead In this chapter we look at the various ways that the control of flow statements can be used in a C program, including some statements that haven't been introduced so far. They are almost always used in conjunction with logicCiteste tot ... 454 cuvinte
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Control Flow: Statements and Blocks
Control Flow The control-flow of a language specify the order in which computations are performed. We have already met the most common control-flow constructions in earlier examples; here we will complete the set, and be more precise about theCiteste tot ... 3025 cuvinte
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The alphabet of C
The alphabet of C This is an interesting area; alphabets are important. All the same, this is the one part of this chapter that you can read superficially first time round without missing too much. Read it to make sure that you've seen theCiteste tot ... 1590 cuvinte
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Opening shots - So why is this important?
Opening shots 1. So why is this important? The arithmetic data types and operators of C are interesting but hardly rivetting. They show, collectively, a certain imagination and spirit that has stamped C with a special flavour, but they fCiteste tot ... 425 cuvinte
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Structures: Basics of Structures
Structures A structure is a collection of one or more variables, possibly of different types, grouped together under a single name for convenient handling. (Structures are called ``records'' in some languages, notably Pascal.) Structures help tCiteste tot ... 5768 cuvinte
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Typedef
Typedef Although typedef is thought of as being a storage class, it isn't really. It allows you to introduce synonyms for types which could have been declared some other way. The new name becomes equivalent to the type that you wanted, as thisCiteste tot ... 602 cuvinte
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Libraries - Mathematical functions, Variable numbers of arguments
Libraries 1. Introduction 2. Diagnostics 3. Character handling 4. Localization 5. Limits 6. Mathematical functions 7. Non-local jumps 8. Signal handling Variable numbers of arguments 10.Citeste tot ... 24400 cuvinte
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A program to find prime numbers
A program to find prime numbers /*** Dumb program that generates prime numbers.*/#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>main() else divisor = divisor-1; } if(not_prime =Citeste tot ... 525 cuvinte
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A Tutorial Introduction - Getting Started
A Tutorial Introduction Let us begin with a quick introduction in C. Our aim is to show the essential elements of the language in real programs, but without getting bogged down in details, rules, and exceptions. At this point, we are not trCiteste tot ... 8783 cuvinte
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An example performing input
An example performing input It's useful to be able to perform input as well as to write programs that print out more or less interesting lists and tables. The simplest of the library routines (and the only one that we'll look at just now) is calCiteste tot ... 366 cuvinte
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Character handling - Strings, Untyped pointers
Character handling C is widely used for character and string handling applications. This is odd, in some ways, because the language doesn't really have any built-in string handling features. If you're used to languages that know about string hanCiteste tot ... 1832 cuvinte
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Recursion and argument passing - Call by value
Recursion and argument passing So far, we've seen how to give functions a type (how to declare the return value and the type of any arguments the function takes), and how the definition is used to give the body of the function. Next we need to sCiteste tot ... 887 cuvinte
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Functions
Functions A C program is built up from a collection of items such as functions and what we could loosely call global variables. All of these things are given names at the point where they are defined in the program; the way that the names are uCiteste tot ... 423 cuvinte
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Complete Programs in C
Complete Programs in C 1. Putting it all together 2. Arguments to main 3. Interpreting program arguments 4. A pattern matching program 5. A more ambitious example 6. AfterwordCiteste tot ... 4461 cuvinte
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Keywords and identifiers
Keywords and identifiers After covering the underlying alphabet, we can look at more interesting elements of C. The most obvious of the language elements are keywords and identifiers; their forms are identical (although their meanings areCiteste tot ... 809 cuvinte
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Functions and Program Structure: Basics of Functions
Functions and Program Structure Functions break large computing tasks into smaller ones, and enable people to build on what others have done instead of starting over from scratch. Appropriate functions hide details of operation from parts of thCiteste tot ... 6743 cuvinte
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Directives - The null directive
Directives Directives are always introduced by a line that starts with a # character, optionally preceded by white space characters (although it isn't common practice to indent the #). Table 7.1 below is a list of the directives defined inCiteste tot ... 3424 cuvinte
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Arrays, the & operator and function
Arrays, the & operator and function We have already emphasized that in most cases, the name of an array is converted into the address of its first element; one notable exception being when it is the operand of sizeof, which is essential ifCiteste tot ... 501 cuvinte
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