MODURI NEPERSONALE A VERBELOR

MODURI NEPERSONALE

I.      MODUL INFINITIV

Este modul care denumeste actiunea sau starea exprimata de verb.

TO + VERB = INFINITIV LUNG

VERB = INFINITIV SCURT

Infinitivul prezent:

I try to get to the school in time .

Infinitvul perfect:

Alice pretended to have been watching TV when I rang her up

Infinitivul scurt:

Obs.: Infinitivul scurt se foloseste dupa:

a).     Verbe modale;

My mother can make a very good cake.

b).     Verbul TO HAVE si TO MAKE.

He makes me cry.

c).      Dupa verbele:

TO SEE,

TO HEAR,

TO FELL,

TO WACH,

TO OBSERVE,

TO LET,

TO HELP,

Cand sunt la diateza activa:

Did you hear her sing last evening?

d).     Dupa constructiile:

HAD BETTER

HAD RATHER

WOULD RATHER

WOULD SOONER

RATHER THAN

BETTER THAN

SOONER THAN

MORE THAN

CAN BUT

NOTHING BUT

I had better go now.

I cannot but go away.

II.   MODUL PARTICIPIU

participiul are trei forme:

Participiul prezent

V + ing = diateza activa

BEING + V -ed/III = diateza pasiva

Participiul perfect

arata o actiune anterioara celei exprimate de predicatul propozitiei.

HAVING + V - ed/III = diateza activa

HAVING + BEEN + V - ed/III = diateza pasiva

Participiul trecut

este folosit ca adjectiv, intra in compunerea timpurilor perfecte si a diatezei pasive.

V (regulat): V - ed

V (neregulat): forma a III - a

EXEMPLE:

Participiu prezent

We are playing now

While shopping I met my English teacher.

The film is even more interesting than I thought.

Participiu perfect

Having    forgotten his keys at home, Jonh left the classroom in a hurry.

Having sent the letter, Mary left the office in a hurry.

Participiu trecut

The aged man could not ride the horse.

The pupil was called at the blackboard.

III. MODUL GERUNDIV

Gerund nedefinit

are aceeasi forma ca si participiul prezent

este format din tema verbului+ing

DIATEZA ACTIVA

-Gerund nedefinit: telling

DIATEZA PASIVA

-Gerund nedefinit: being told

Gerund perfect

are aceeasi forma ca si participiul perfect.

DIATEZA ACTIVA:

-Gerund perfect: having told

DIATEZA PASIVA

-Gerund perfect: having been told

Obs.1: Gerundul poate fi tradus in limba romana prin:

gerunziu

substantiv

timp personal

infinitiv sau subjonctiv

adjectiv

Obs.2: De cele mai multe ori gerundul urmeaza.

dupa o prepozitie: to, at, for, in

dupa anumite verbe: TO ADMIT

TO AVOID

TO CONSIDER

TO LIKE

TO DENY

TO EXCUSE

TO ENJOY

TO DOUBT

TO FINISH

TO FORGET

TO HATE    etc

dupa cuvinte si expresii ca: TO BE BUSY

TO BE USELESS

TO FEEL LIKE

THAT IS

THERE IS etc

dupa TO HAVE si TO BE

dupa substantive ca: CHANCE OF

EXPERIENCE IN

INTEREST IN

RIGHT OF

USE OF etc

- dupa adjective predicative ca: CAPABLE OF

ALERT IN

CONSCIOUS OF