CONCORDANTA
TIMPURILOR
Concordanta timpurilor se aplica, desigur,
nu in propozitii, ci in fraze. Ea consta in aceea ca folosirea unui anumit timp
in propozitia principala obliga la folosirea unui timp adecvat in propozitia
secundara. Ce inseamna "un timp adecvat' se va vedea in continuare.
Propozitia
principala
- un timp
"present'
Present Tense Simple,
Present Tense Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous
Propozitia secundara
Orice timp cerut de sens
Propozitia
principala
2. un timp "past'
Past Tense Simple, Past Tense Continuous, Past Perfect
Simple, Past Perfect Continuous
Propozitia secundara
Orice alt timp "past'
Ex. a) Past Tense - actiune simultana - Past Tense
He said he was ill.
(El a spus ca este bolnav.)
He said he was going to school.
(El a spus ca merge la scola.)
b) Past Tense - actiune anterioara - Past Perfect
He said he had returned home a week before.
(El a spus ca se intorsese acasa cu o saptamana inainte.)
I arrived home after it had stopped raining.
(Am ajuns acasa dupa ce incetase ploaia.)
Nota 1: Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii secundara cu actiunea
anterioara celei din principala, se poate folosi Past Perfect in mod repetat.
Ex. She said she had
forgotten where she had put her glasses.
(Ea a spus ca uitase unde si-a pus ochelarii.)
c) Past Tense - actiunea posterioara - Future-in-the-Past
He said he would leave the next day.
(El a spus ca va pleca a doua zi.)
She promised her mother she would help her.
(Ea i-a promis mamei sale ca o va ajuta.)
Nota 2: Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii secundare cu actiune
posterioara celei din principala, dintre care una este temporala sau conditionala.
Future-in-the-Past se poate folosi numai o singura data, dupa care (in
temporala sau conditionala) se intrebuinteaza Past Tense (pentru
simultaneitate) sau Past Perfect (pentru anterioritate).
Ex. He said he would come
to see me when he had time.
(El a spus ca va veni sa ma vada cand va avea timp.)
He said he would come to see me after he had finished work.
(El a spus ca va veni sa ma vada dupa ce va termina lucrul.)
He said he would buy a car if he had money.
(El a spus ca va cumpara o masina daca va avea bani.)
- un timp
"future'
Teoretic se poate
folosi orice timp cerut de sens, cu exceptia propozitii temporale sau
conditionale, care nu pot include un verb la viitor.
Situatiile cel mai des intalnite sunt urmatoarele:
- Future -
actiune simultana - Present
I will read this book when I have
time.
(Voi citi aceasta carte cand voi avea timp.)
I will have finished studying when you come home.
(Voi fi terminat de studiat cand vei veni tu acasa.)
- Future -
actiune anterioara - Present Perfect
I will go to England
after I have received a visa.
(Voi merge in Anglia dupa ce voi obtine viza.)
Exceptii
de la concordanta timpurilor
- cand propozitia
secundara exprima un adevar general valabil.
Ex. The teacher told the pupils water boils at 100 oC.
Profesorul le-a spus elevilor ca apa fierbe la 100 oC.
- cand propozitia
secundara este atributiva.
Ex. The book I am reading now was given to me by my brother.
Cartea pe care o citesc acum mi-a fost data de fratele meu.
- Cand propozitia
secundara este comparativa.
Ex. Last year I worked more
than I have done this year.
Anul trecut am muncit mai mult decat anul acesta.
Nota: In limba engleza contemporana, se poate observa uneori o oarecare
tendinta de a nu se respecta concordanta timpurilor atunci cand verbul din
propozitia principala este la trecut. Se poate intalni, de exemplu, o formulare
de tipul: "He said he loves me'. Este posibil ca ceea ce apare acum ca
tendinta, cu timpul, sa ajunga regula. Pentru moment insa, sfatuim pe
vorbitorii romani de limba engleza sa respecte regulile de concordanta a
timpurilor asa cum sunt prezentate mai sus.
Exercitii
cu concordanta timpurilor
- Puneti
verbele din paranteze la timpul corect (Past
Tense Simple sau Continuous), avand in vedere
simultaneitatea actiunilor din propozitia principala si cea secundara:
- It was clear
they (talk) business again.
- I believed you
(be) at the seaside.
- I understood
you (be) a painter.
- They didn't
know that I (play) football.
- He realized he
(not remember) John's phone number.
- I was not sure
if you (speak) English.
- Looking out of
the window, she saw the sun (shine) brightly.
- He asked me if
I usually (read) that newspaper.
- You didn't tell
me you (have to) type this report.
- He was in a
hurry because he (want) to catch the train.
- Puneti
verbele din paranteze la timpul corect (Past
Perfect Simple sau Continuous), tinand seama de
relatia de anterioritate exprimata de verbul din propozitia principala sau
din cea secundara:
- She told me
his name after he (leave).
- She didn't
even say thank you after all I (do) for her.
- After I (hear)
the news, I congratulated him.
- When I
arrived, the concert already (begin).
- When it
started to rain, we (dig) in the garden for an hour.
- He didn't
admit that he (steal) the book.
- He just
(leave) home when he came across John.
- Yesterday I
bought a new umbrella because I (lose) my old one.
- When he
finally reached London, he was tired because he (travel) for three days.
- I didn't think
that book to be a nice birthday present for you because I (read) it and I
(not enjoy) it.
- Puneti
verbele din paranteze la timpul Future-in-the-Past, avand in vedere faptul
ca propozitia secundara exprima o actiune posterioara celei din
principala:
- They said
they (remain) at the seaside for another week.
- He hoped he
(finish) reading the book in two days.
- I thought you
soon (have) a holiday.
- I was not
sure I (remain) at home that evening.
- He believed
the strike (end) very soon.
- He promised
he (drive) me home.
- We all
believed he (win) the competition.
- As wages had
gone up, we supposed prices (go up), too.
- He was sure
he (pass) the exam and he promised he (give) a party afterwards.
- When I heard
the main actor was ill, I was sue the performance (be cancelled).
- Puneti
verbele din paranteze la timpul Present Simple sau Present Perfect Simple:
- I will pay my
debts after I (receive) my salary.
- We shall
start dinner as soon as the guests (arrive).
- By the time
you (finish) translating the text, I shall have typed all the letters.
- After he (repair)
the car, he will drive to Sinaia.
- I will buy a
car when I (have) enough money.
- You will be
surprised when you (see) how well she (look).
- You will be
surprised when you (see) how much she (change).
- As soon as
the holidays (begin), this beach will become very crowded.
- I will go on
playing the piano till he (tell) me to stop.
- After she
(learn) to type, she will take a job as a secretary.
- He will write
to me after he (arrive) in England.
- The train
will have left before we (reach) the station.
- When their
first baby (be born), they will have been married for five years.
- When I
(finish) the book, I will lend it to you.
- I will never
forget what you just (tell ) me.
- Your mother
will be upset when she (notice) you (break) the vase.
- You will get
a shock when you (see) the mess in that room.
- You won't be
able to speak about this book till you (read) it.
- It is said
that one Englishman will not speak to another before they (be) introduced.
- After you
(drink) a coffee, you will feel better.
5. Puneti verbele din paranteze la
timpul corect, tinand seama de exceptiile de la concordanta timpurilor:
- I didn't know
at what temperature this metal (melt).
- The teacher
told the pupils what the capital of Mexico (be).
- I wasn't
aware German (be) such a difficult language.
- In 1998, the
Romanians travelled less than they (do) this year.
- Last year you
spoke English less fluently than you (do) now.
- Last night I
(read) the book which you (read) now.
- Last night I
met the couple who soon (move) next door to me.
- Last year I
earned more money than I (earn) in the next five years.
- The book I
(read) in the last few days was lent to me by John.
- I found out
that yoga (be) a very useful practice.
6. Puneti verbele din paranteze la
timpul corect, respectand toate regulile de concordanta a timpurilor, precum si
exceptiile:
- I will come as
soon as I (finish) my work.
- He told me he
never (see) the sea.
- He told me
hibernating animal (not eat) in winter.
- They (know)
each other for a long time before they finally got married.
- I hoped it
(not rain) when I (arrive) at the beach.
- When we (go)
to see them last night, they were listening to music, they said they
(listen to) music since 5 o'clock.
- When you asked
me where I (spend) my holidays, I (not decide) yet.
- I will do it
when I (want) to, not before.
- He was very
upset because I (be) late.
- I did not know
that you (wear) glasses since childhood.
- I was
surprised that his son (fail) the exam, he (trust) his son and he (not
expect) such a thing to happen.
- When I finally
arrived home, I (be) very hungry because I (not eat) anything all day.
- He said he
(have to) write down my address as he (not remember) it otherwise.
- You will never
know how much I (suffer).
- A week ago, he
decided he (change) his job.
- He discovered
to his horror that he (eat) the worms in the cherries.
- After having
visited Italy, my friends told me there (be) many small houses and narrow
streets in Padua.
- I hoped the
company where I (work) (not go) bankrupt.
- After we have
finished dinner, we (drink) coffee and brandy.
- He was very
tired and he (hope) he (have) time to rest that afternoon.
7. Traduceti in limba engleza:
- Nu mi-am
amintit ca ne cunoscusem cu un an inainte.
- Nu am stat
acasa sa te astept pentru ca nu stiam cand vei veni.
- Secretara mi-a
spus ca directorul este ocupat.
- Stiam ca esti
in Bucuresti.
- Era foarte
suparat ca isi pierduse dictionarul si nu era sigur ca va gasi unul nou in
librarii.
- I-am promis ca
ii voi scrie cand voi ajunge la Londra.
- Hotul nu si-a
dat seama ca politia il urmarea de o saptamana.
- Iti voi spune
adevarul dupa ce il voi afla eu insami.
- Tata imi va da
un cadou dupa ce voi lua examenul.
- Masina pe cae
o voi cumpara va fi importata din Germania.
- M-a intrebat
cate litere sunt in alfabetul chinez si nu am putut sa-I raspund.
- Politistul ma
va intreba ce am vazut in timpul accidentul.